Areas of responsibility
Professor II at IFP
Publications
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Galvan-Alvarez, Victor; Martin-Rincon, Marcos; Gallego-Selles, Angel; Martínez Canton, Miriam; HamedChaman, NaDer & Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam
[Show all 13 contributors for this article]
(2023).
Determinants of the maximal functional reserve during repeated supramaximal exercise by humans: The roles of Nrf2/Keap1, antioxidant proteins, muscle phenotype and oxygenation.
Redox Biology.
ISSN 2213-2317.
66.
doi:
10.1016/j.redox.2023.102859.
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When high-intensity exercise is performed until exhaustion a “functional reserve” (FR) or capacity to produce power at the same level or higher than reached at exhaustion exists at task failure, which could be related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)-sensing and counteracting mechanisms. Nonetheless, the magnitude of this FR remains unknown. Repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise at 120% of VO2max interspaced with 20s recovery periods with full ischaemia were used to determine the maximal FR. Then, we determined which muscle phenotypic features could account for the variability in functional reserve in humans. Exercise performance, cardiorespiratory variables, oxygen deficit, and brain and muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured, and resting muscle biopsies were obtained from 43 young healthy adults (30 males). Males and females had similar aerobic (VO2max per kg of lower extremities lean mass (LLM): 166.7 ± 17.1 and 166.1 ± 15.6 ml kg LLM−1.min−1, P = 0.84) and anaerobic fitness (similar performance in the Wingate test and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit when normalized to LLM). The maximal FR was similar in males and females when normalized to LLM (1.84 ± 0.50 and 2.05 ± 0.59 kJ kg LLM−1, in males and females, respectively, P = 0.218). This FR depends on an obligatory component relying on a reserve in glycolytic capacity and a putative component generated by oxidative phosphorylation. The aerobic component depends on brain oxygenation and phenotypic features of the skeletal muscles implicated in calcium handling (SERCA1 and 2 protein expression), oxygen transport and diffusion (myoglobin) and redox regulation (Keap1). The glycolytic component can be predicted by the protein expression levels of pSer40-Nrf2, the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and the protein expression levels of SOD1. Thus, an increased capacity to modulate the expression of antioxidant proteins involved in RONS handling and calcium homeostasis may be critical for performance during high-intensity exercise in humans.
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Martinez-Canton, Miriam; Galvan-Alvarez, Victor; Garcia-Gonzalez, Eduardo; Gallego-Selles, Angel; Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam & Garcia-Perez, Giovanni
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2023).
A Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite®) Combined with Quercetin Has Exercise-Mimetic Properties in Human Skeletal Muscle.
Nutrients.
ISSN 2072-6643.
15(13).
doi:
10.3390/nu15132848.
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Zynamite PX®, a mango leaf extract combined with quercetin, enhances exercise performance by unknown molecular mechanisms. Twenty-five volunteers were assigned to a control (17 males) or supplementation group (8 males, receiving 140 mg of Zynamite® + 140 mg quercetin/8 h for 2 days). Then, they performed incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE) followed by occlusion of the circulation in one leg for 60 s. Afterwards, the cuff was released, and a 30 s sprint was performed, followed by 90 s circulatory occlusion (same leg). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline, 20 s after IE (occluded leg) and 10 s after Wingate (occluded leg), and bilaterally at 90 s and 30 min post exercise. Compared to the controls, the Zynamite PX® group showed increased basal protein expression of Thr287-CaMKIIδD (2-fold, p = 0.007) and Ser9-GSK3β (1.3-fold, p = 0.005) and a non-significant increase of total NRF2 (1.7-fold, p = 0.099) and Ser40-NRF2 (1.2-fold, p = 0.061). In the controls, there was upregulation with exercise and recovery of total NRF2, catalase, glutathione reductase, and Thr287-CaMKIIδD (1.2–2.9-fold, all p < 0.05), which was not observed in the Zynamite PX® group. In conclusion, Zynamite PX® elicits muscle signaling changes in resting skeletal muscle resembling those described for exercise training and partly abrogates the stress kinases responses to exercise as observed in trained muscles.
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Martin-Rodriguez, Saúl; Gonzalez-Henriquez, Juan Jose; Galvan-Alvarez, Victor; Cruz-Ramírez, Sara; Calbet, Jose Antonio Lopez & Sanchis-Moysi, Joaquín
(2023).
Architectural anatomy of the human tibialis anterior presents morphological asymmetries between superficial and deep unipennate regions.
Journal of Anatomy.
ISSN 0021-8782.
doi:
10.1111/joa.13864.
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The tibialis anterior muscle plays a critical role in human ambulation and contributes to maintaining the upright posture. However, little is known about its muscle architecture in males and females. One hundred and nine physically active males and females were recruited. Tibialis anterior muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length were measured at rest in both unipennate regions of both legs using real-time ultrasound imaging. A linear mixed model was used with muscle thickness, pennation angle, or fascicle length as the dependent variables. All models were carried out with and without total leg lean mass and shank length as covariates. Causal mediation analysis was computed to explore the effect of muscle thickness on the relationship between fascicle length and pennation angle. There were no significant differences between dominant and nondominant legs regarding muscle architecture. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were greater in the deep than the superficial unipennate region in males (1.9 mm and 1.1°, p < 0.001) and women (3.4 mm and 2.2°, p < 0.001). However, the fascicle length was similar in both regions for both sexes. The differences remained significant after accounting for differences in leg lean mass and shank length. In both regions, muscle thickness was 1–3 mm greater in males and superficial pennation angle 2° smaller in females (both, p < 0.001). After accounting for leg lean mass and shank length, sex differences remained for muscle thickness (1.6 mm, p < 0.05) and pennation angle (3.4°, p < 0.001) but only in the superficial region. In both regions, leg lean mass and shank-adjusted fascicle length were 1.4 mm longer in females than males (p < 0.05). The causal mediation analysis revealed that the estimation of fascicle length was positive, suggesting that a 10% increase in muscle thickness would augment the fascicle length, allowing a 0.38° pennation angle decrease. Moreover, the pennation angle increases in total by 0.54° due to the suppressive effect of the increase in fascicle length. The estimated mediation, direct, and total effects were all significantly different from zero (p < 0.001). Overall, our results indicate that the architectural anatomy of the tibialis anterior shows sexual dimorphism in humans. Tibialis anterior presents morphological asymmetries between superficial and deep unipennate regions in both sexes. Lastly, our causal mediation model identified a suppressive effect of fascicle length on the pennation angle, suggesting that increments in muscle thickness are not always aligned with increments in fascicle length or the pennation angle.
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González-Alonso, José; Calbet, Jose Antonio Lopez; Mora-Rodríguez, Ricardo & Kippelen, Pascale
(2023).
Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange during prolonged exercise in humans: Influence of dehydration, hyperthermia and sympathoadrenal activity.
Experimental Physiology.
ISSN 0958-0670.
108(2),
p. 188–206.
doi:
10.1113/EP090909.
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The mechanisms driving hyperthermic hyperventilation during exercise are unclear. In a series of retrospective analyses, we evaluated the impact of combined versus isolated dehydration and hyperthermia and the effects of sympathoadrenal discharge on ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange during prolonged intense exercise. In the first study, endurance-trained males performed two submaximal cycling exercise trials in the heat. On day 1, participants cycled until volitional exhaustion (135 ± 11 min) while experiencing progressive dehydration and hyperthermia. On day 2, participants maintained euhydration and core temperature (Tc) during a time-matched exercise (control). At rest and during the first 20 min of exercise, pulmonary ventilation (
), arterial blood gases, CO2 output and O2 uptake were similar in both trials. At 135 ± 11 min, however,
was elevated with dehydration and hyperthermia, and this was accompanied by lower arterial partial pressure of CO2, higher breathing frequency, arterial partial pressure of O2, arteriovenous CO2 and O2 differences, and elevated CO2 output and unchanged O2 uptake despite a reduced pulmonary circulation. The increased
was closely related to the rise in Tc and circulating catecholamines (R2 ≥ 0.818, P ≤ 0.034). In three additional studies in different participants, hyperthermia independently increased
to an extent similar to combined dehydration and hyperthermia, whereas prevention of hyperthermia in dehydrated individuals restored
to control levels. Furthermore, adrenaline infusion during exercise elevated both Tc and
. These findings indicate that: (1) adjustments in pulmonary gas exchange limit homeostatic disturbances in the face of a blunted pulmonary circulation; (2) hyperthermia is the main stimulus increasing ventilation during prolonged intense exercise; and (3) sympathoadrenal activation might partly mediate the hyperthermic hyperventilation.
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Galván-álvarez, Víctor; Pérez-Suarez, Ismael; Martín-Rincón, Marcos & Calbet, Jose Antonio Lopez
(2022).
Accurate assessment of walking energy expenditure in the main seafront walking route of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria to promote health-related tourism.
Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte (CCD).
ISSN 1696-5043.
17(54),
p. 33–41.
doi:
10.12800/ccd.v17i54.1911.
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Gallego-Selles, Angel; Galvan-Alvarez, Victor; Martinez-Canton, Miriam; Garcia-Gonzalez, Eduardo; Morales-Alamo, David & Santana, Alfredo
[Show all 10 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Fast regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in human skeletal muscle revealed by high-intensity exercise and ischaemia at exhaustion: Role of oxygenation and metabolite accumulation.
Redox Biology.
ISSN 2213-2317.
55.
doi:
10.1016/j.redox.2022.102398.
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The NF-κB signalling pathway plays a critical role in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and muscle metabolism. NF-κB is activated by extracellular signals and intracellular changes in Ca2+, Pi, H+, metabolites and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). However, it remains unknown how NF-κB signalling is activated during exercise and how metabolite accumulation and PO2 influence this process. Eleven active men performed incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE) in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2:73 mmHg). Immediately after IE, the circulation of one leg was instantaneously occluded (300 mmHg). Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis were taken before (Pre), and 10s (Post, occluded leg) and 60s after exercise from the occluded (Oc1m) and free circulation (FC1m) legs simultaneously together with femoral vein blood samples. NF-κB signalling was activated by exercise to exhaustion, with similar responses in normoxia and acute hypoxia, as reflected by the increase of p105, p50, IKKα, IκBβ and glutathione reductase (GR) protein levels, and the activation of the main kinases implicated, particularly IKKα and CaMKII δD, while IKKβ remained unchanged. Postexercise ischaemia maintained and stimulated further NF-κB signalling by impeding muscle reoxygenation. These changes were quickly reverted at the end of exercise when the muscles recovered with open circulation. Finally, we have shown that Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) protein expression was reduced immediately after IE and after 1 min of occlusion while the protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) remained unchanged. These novel data demonstrate that exercising to exhaustion activates NF-κB signalling in human skeletal muscle and regulates the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in human skeletal muscle. The fast regulation of NF-κB at exercise cessation has implications for the interpretation of published studies and the design of new experiments.
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Rodríguez de Rivera, Pedro Jesús; Rodríguez de Rivera, Miriam; Socorro, Fabiola; Calbet, Jose Antonio Lopez & Rodríguez de Rivera, Manuel
(2022).
Advantages of in vivo measurement of human skin thermal conductance using a calorimetric sensor.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
ISSN 1388-6150.
doi:
10.1007/s10973-022-11275-x.
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Thermal conductivity of the skin has been measured by in vivo procedures since the 1950s. These devices usually consist of temperature sensors and heating elements. In vivo measurement of skin thermal conductivity entails several difficulties. It is necessary to adequately characterize the excitation produced by the measurement. In addition, the thermal penetration depth of each instrument is different. These factors have led to the development of a multitude of techniques to measure the thermal conductivity or related magnitudes such as thermal conductance. In our case, we have built a calorimetric sensor designed to measure this magnitude directly and non-invasively. The device implements the basic principles of calorimetry and is capable of characterizing the thermal magnitudes of a 2 × 2 (4) cm2 skin region. The sensor consists of a measuring thermopile with a thermostat cooled by Peltier effect. Several skin measurements performed under different conditions resulted in a thermal conductance ranging from 0.017 to 0.050 WK−1. This magnitude, measured in vivo, is different in each studied area and depends on several factors, such as physical activity and the physiological state of the subject. This new sensor is a useful tool for studying the human body thermoregulatory response.
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Pedrianes-Martin, Pablo B.; Martin-Rincon, Marcos; Morales-Alamo, David; Perez-Suarez, Ismael; Perez-Valera, Mario & Galvan-Alvarez, Victor
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2021).
Treatment of hypertension with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and resting metabolic rate: A cross-sectional study.
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.
ISSN 1524-6175.
23(12),
p. 2106–2114.
doi:
10.1111/jch.14392.
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Hypertension in obese and overweight patients is associated with an elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR). The aim of this study was to determine whether RMR is reduced in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and blockers (ARB). The RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry in 174 volunteers; 93 (46.5 %) were hypertensive, of which 16 men and 13 women were treated with ACEI/ARB, while 30 men and 19 women with untreated hypertension served as a control group. Treated and untreated hypertensives had similar age, BMI, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The RMR normalized to the lean body mass (LBM) was 15% higher in the untreated than ACEI/ARB-treated hypertensive women (p = .003). After accounting for LBM, whole-body fat mass, age, the double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure), and the distance walked per day, the RMR was 2.9% lower in the patients taking ACEI/ARB (p = .26, treatment x sex interaction p = .005). LBM, age, and the double product explained 78% of the variability in RMR (R2 = 0.78, p < .001). In contrast, fat mass, the distance walked per day, and total T4 or TSH did not add predictive power to the model. Compared to men, a greater RMR per kg of LBM was observed in untreated hypertensive overweight and obese women, while this sex difference was not observed in patients treated with ACEI or ARBs. In conclusion, our results indicate that elevated RMR per kg of LBM may be normalized by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin system.
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Published
Oct. 17, 2023 1:10 PM
- Last modified
Dec. 13, 2023 2:34 PM
