Linn Christin Risvang

• Weijer, Vera C.R.; Jonvik, Kristin Lundanes; van Dam, Lotte; Risvang, Linn; Raastad, Truls & van Loon, Luc J.C. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Measured and Predicted Resting Metabolic Rate of Dutch and Norwegian Paralympic Athletes. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. ISSN 2212-2672. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.010.
• Weijer, Vera C.R.; van Dijk, Jan-Willem; van Dam, Lotte; Risvang, Linn; Bons, Judith & Raastad, Truls [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Do Paralympic athletes suffer from brittle bones? Prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density in Paralympic athletes. Bone Reports. ISSN 2352-1872. 21. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101767.
• Weijer, Vera C. R.; Jonvik, Kristin Lundanes; Van Dam, Lotte; Risvang, Linn; Plasqui, Guy & Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Energy Requirements of Paralympic Athletes: Insights from the Doubly Labeled Water Approach. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 56(5), p. 963–971. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003379.
• Norum, Martin; Risvang, Linn; Bjørnsen, Thomas; Dimitriou, Lygeri; Rønning, Per Ola & Bjørgen, Morten [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Caffeine Increases Strength and Power Performance in Resistance-trained Females During Early Follicular Phase. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 30(11), p. 2116–2129. doi: 10.1111/sms.13776. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The effects of 4 mg·kg−1caffeine ingestion on strength and power were investigated for the first time, in resistance‐trained females during the early follicular phase utilizing a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover design. Fifteen females (29.8 ± 4.0 years, 63.8 ± 5.5 kg [mean ± SD]) ingested caffeine or placebo 60 minutes before completing a test battery separated by 72 hours. One‐repetition maximum (1RM), repetitions to failure (RTF) at 60% of 1RM, was assessed in the squat and bench press. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) were measured during isometric knee extensions, while utilizing interpolated twitch technique to measure voluntary muscle activation. Maximal power and jump height were assessed during countermovement jumps (CMJ). Caffeine metabolites were measured in plasma. Adverse effects were registered after each trial. Caffeine significantly improved squat (4.5 ± 1.9%, effect size [ES]: 0.25) and bench press 1RM (3.3 ± 1.4%, ES: 0.20), and squat (15.9 ± 17.9%, ES: 0.31) and bench press RTF (9.8 ± 13.6%, ES: 0.31), compared to placebo. MVC torque (4.6 ± 7.3%, ES: 0.26), CMJ height (7.6 ± 4.0%, ES: 0.50), and power (3.8 ± 2.2%, ES: 0.24) were also significantly increased with caffeine. There were no differences in RFD or muscle activation. Plasma [caffeine] was significantly increased throughout the protocol, and mild side effects of caffeine were experienced by only 3 participants. This study demonstrated that 4 mg·kg−1 caffeine ingestion enhanced maximal strength, power, and muscular endurance in resistance‐trained and caffeine‐habituated females during the early follicular phase, with few adverse effects. Female strength and power athletes may consider using this dose pre‐competition and ‐training as an effective ergogenic aid.

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