Marte Bentzen

• Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Stenling, Andreas; Tafvelin, Susanne & Bentzen, Marte (2024). The paradox of remote work: When employee wishes and wellbeing collide. Human Resource Development International. ISSN 1367-8868. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2024.2351335.
• Hägglund, Karin; Kenttä, Göran; Bentzen, Marte; Thelwell, Richard & Wagstaff, Christopher R. D. (2024). Mindful self-reflection as a strategy to support sustainable high-performance coaching: A mixed method study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. ISSN 1041-3200. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2024.2353288.
• Hägglund, Karin; Kenttä, Göran; Wagstaff, Christopher R. D. & Bentzen, Marte (2024). What Is Known About Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Among Sport Coaches? A Scoping Review. International Sport Coaching Journal. ISSN 2328-918X. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2023-0066. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mindfulness and self-compassion are two constructs positively related to well-being and mental health outside sport. Within sport, these constructs are emerging in research, yet the extant work has primarily been conducted with athlete samples. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a broad synthesis of the literature on mindfulness and self-compassion among coaches. Fourteen articles were included, 11 of them published 2019–2022. Of the 14 publications, the concepts studied were mindfulness (n = 10), self-compassion (n = 2), and a combination of both (n = 2). The samples were predominantly male coaches (68.7%), and most of the studies targeted coaches at the elite or competitive level. The most common area studied was developing and testing interventions and programs, followed by depicting relationships of mindfulness or self-compassion with desirable outcomes. This review significantly extends the current knowledge by illuminating critical issues in this rapidly moving area of research; the need for conceptual and contextual clarity of mindfulness and self-compassion; methodological considerations, such as measures that may allow reliable comparison across studies; and the need to further explore the potential benefits of mindfulness and self-compassion for coaches for sustainability and performance.

• Alexander, Danielle; Bloom, Gordon A.; Bentzen, Marte & Kenttä, Göran (2024). Exploring the experiences and perceptions of coaches, athletes, and integrated support teams towards the management of three national Paralympic teams. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 71. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102588. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explored the experiences and perceptions of coaches, athletes, and integrated support teams towards the management of three Paralympic teams across North America and Europe. Six focus groups with athletes, three interviews with head coaches, and 10 interviews with support team members were conducted and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Our analysis resulted in three overarching themes to portray the coaches’ role and behaviours in managing their (1) athletes, (2) integrated support teams, and (3) team as a collective unit. All teams were made up of a diverse group of athletes that required individualized considerations regarding age, finances, and disability. Coaches were successful when they fostered autonomy and managed interpersonal conflict by utilizing their integrated support teams to foster cohesiveness. This study provides an in-depth view of the role of the coach in managing national parasport teams by incorporating multiple perspectives from three teams around the world.

• Kenttä, Göran; Dieffenbach, Kristen; Bentzen, Marte; Thompson, Melissa; Côté, Jean & Mallett, Cliff [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Position Paper: Rationale for a Focused Attention on Mental Health of High-Performance Sports Coaches. International Sport Coaching Journal. ISSN 2328-918X. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0123. Show summary

  High-performance (HP) coaching has been described as “a complex, social, and dynamic activity that is not easily represented as a set of tangible and predictable processes.” Coaches are not only responsible for extensive planning, monitoring, and leadership in a dynamic and complex environment but also have responsibility for supporting athlete development and safeguarding their athletes’ overall health, well-being, and psychological and physiological safety. However, HP coaching is often considered an unsustainable profession, due to the levels of stress and subsequent mental health challenges that are frequently part of the role. Therefore, this position paper will focus on the concerns, challenges, and resources needed to prevent and manage mental ill-being and support the mental well-being of sport coaching professionals in HP sport, and provide recommendations for individuals, systems, and organizations that work with HP sport coaches.

• Bentzen, Marte; Jarstadmarken, Ida & Rugseth, Gro (2023). Perceptions of patients with psychosis on living an active lifestyle. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity. ISSN 1803-3857. 16. doi: 10.5507/euj.2023.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of the study was to gain insights into how people living with psychosis at a psychiatric hospital describe what living an active lifestyle means for them. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to guide the methodology. The study involved three participants diagnosed with psychotic disorder living at an institution offering long-term in-patient treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, including inviting participants to ‘walking-by-talking’ and to bring photos representing their notions of an active lifestyle to enhance the richness of the data and increase participants’ agency. All participants talked about a range of different activities they associated with an active lifestyle. One important dimension of these activities was the quality of relationships with others. However, as long-term inpatients, the participants experienced individual and structural barriers to living an active lifestyle. Individuals living with psychosis revealed a broader and deepened understanding of how an active lifestyle is and is profoundly bound to living a socially active life, beyond ‘physical activity and exercise’. The participants described how long-term hospitalization made them feel that their real life was on hold. These seem to be important challenges to address, in order to offer meaningful activity integrated with treatment. The study highlights the importance of individual, relational and contextual meaning dimensions.

• Engdahl-Høgåsen, Linn & Bentzen, Marte (2023). How is the participation of individuals with disabilities studied and understood in current research within the sport context? A systematic literature review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. ISSN 1750-984X. doi: 10.1080/1750984X.2023.2261115. Show summary

  In sports literature, the study of the participation of people with disabilities has largely focused on physical activity and leisure. Both within, and across, these contexts, participation is an ambiguous term. To date, there has been no systematic review of how participation is understood in research within organized sport. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap and add to the body of research on participation and disability sports. The project involved a systematic review of relevant literature. Within included studies (N = 58), researchers mostly understood participation as attendance. The involvement dimension was only considered in 31% of studies, however, results show that involvement is particularly challenging to measure. Participation was studied in relation to three overarching themes: ‘Sports for all’, as a means of achieving ‘The good life’ and ‘Normalcy’. Within organized sport, more research is needed that explores the participation of people with disabilities for its inherent value, rather than viewing it as a means or an end. Moreover, when studying subjective experiences of participation, it is recommended that researchers choose empirical, rather than ideological, approaches. Finally, researchers should be deliberate in their choice of quantitative designs due to the often-small sample sizes.

• Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Stenling, Andreas; Tafvelin, Susanne & Bentzen, Marte (2023). Muligheter og utfordringer ved fjernarbeid og hybride arbeidsordninger post‑pandemi. Magma forskning og viten. ISSN 1500-0788. 2023(1). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Med oppblomstringen av fjernarbeid og hybride arbeidsordninger for store deler av den norske arbeidsstyrken er det viktig med kunnskap om hvordan dette nye arbeidslivet ser ut og oppleves. Basert på et landsrepresentativt utvalg av 3 633 norske arbeidstakere med mulighet for fjernarbeid har vi undersøkt omfanget av fjernarbeid og forskjeller i ansattes opplevelse av jobbdesign, ledelse, jobbatferd samt arbeidsrelatert og generell helse basert på arbeidssted. Resultatene viser at det fortsatt er utstrakt bruk av fjernarbeid også i tiden etter pandemien. Mange benytter seg av hybride arbeidsordninger hvor noen dager tilbringes på kontoret og noen dager tilbringes hjemme, og den nye normalen ser ut til å være 1–2 dager fjernarbeid per uke. Videre er det en tendens til at fjernarbeidere har en noe mer positiv opplevelse av jobbdesign og ledelse, men dette gjelder i hovedsak for ansatte som bruker hybride arbeidsordninger, da fulltids fjernarbeid også synes å ha noen negative aspekter. Effektstørrelsene for forskjellene som er identifisert er imidlertid generelt små, og resultatene varierer en del ved sammenligning av omfang av fjernarbeid. En tydeligere tendens er at ansatte som benytter fjernarbeid skårer lavere på arbeidsrelatert og generell helse. Spesielt utfordrende er balansen mellom arbeid og privatliv. Basert på resultatene diskuterer vi muligheter og utfordringer ved fjernarbeid og hybride arbeidsordninger for å sikre ansattes jobbatferd og arbeidsrelaterte og generelle helse.

• Bentzen, Marte; Kenttä, Göran; Karls, Tommy & Fagher, Kristina (2022). Monitoring mental distress in Para athletes in preparation, during and after the Beijing Paralympic Games 2022: A 22 week prospective mixed-method study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 4, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.945073. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  It is common in elite sport to monitor athletes' training load, injuries and illnesses, but mental distress is rarely included. An improved understanding of the epidemiology of mental distress among elite Para athletes and how their coaches perceive such monitoring would allow us to better develop and implement preventive measures. The purpose of this study was therefore to (1) prospectively describe elite Para athletes' mental distress, before, during and after the Beijing Paralympic Games (Paralympics Games 22 = PG22); and to (2) gain a better understanding of if and potentially how awareness of athletes' mental distress changed, through weekly monitoring, and influenced how coachers perceive athletes' mental distress and if they accounted for this before, during and after PG22. A mixed-method study design was used, in which prospective mental distress (depression and anxiety) data were collected weekly from 13 [Swedish] elite Para athletes in preparation, during and after PG22. Data were screened and evaluated weekly by a physiotherapist and a sports psychologist, and coaches also received weekly reports. A focus-group interview with the coaches were conducted post Paralympics to address coaches' awareness about mental distress and athlete health monitoring in Parasport. For data analyses, descriptive statistics was used for the quantitative data and a content analysis was conducted for the qualitative data. The results reveled the following proportion of datapoints indicating symptoms of anxiety and depression: before PG22 (15.8 and 19.1%); during PG22 (47.6 and 38.2%); and after PG22 (0 and 11.8%). The qualitative results indicated that coaches perceived athlete health monitoring as helpful for increasing their awareness of mental distress, and as a useful tool to initiate support for their athletes as well as improving their coaching. In summary, this cohort of elite Para athletes reported a high proportion of mental distress during the Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing. The results also show that it is important and feasible to monitor Para athletes' mental distress to detect and manage early symptoms of mental distress.

• Sørensen, Marit; Bentzen, Marte & Farholm, Anders (2021). Motivational physical activity intervention for psychiatric inpatients: A two phased single-cases experimental study. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity. ISSN 1803-3857. 14(2). doi: 10.5507/euj.2021.008. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Physical inactivity has been identified among leading risk factors for global mortality as well as an independent risk factor for several somatic diseases. There is consistent evidence that individuals with mental illness engage in little physical activity. Therefore, this study investigated associations between a motivational physical activity intervention in treatment for psychiatric inpatients and change in; 1) physical activity level measured by accelerometer, 2) motivation for physical activity, and 3) affect and perceived functional health status. The design was a longitudinal, two-phased multiple single-cases experiment. Seven individuals completed a baseline period and an eight-week physical activity program. The participants had high autonomous motivation and mostly positive, but mixed profiles of development. Four participants showed favourable development profiles for physical activity, one no change, and two reduced physical activity. For positive and negative affect, five had a favourable development, one no change, and one unfavourable. For health status, six had a favourable development, one no change. The intervention was feasible as part of treatment. The physical activity results reflected different physical activity histories. This highlights the importance of individualising physical activity programs in psychiatric treatment, and the use of person centered research methods that can reveal such differences.

• Bentzen, Marte; Farholm, Anders; Ivarsson, Andreas & Sørensen, Marit (2021). Longitudinal relations between needs satisfaction and physical activity among psychiatric patients with dual diagnoses. Advances in mental health. ISSN 1838-7357. 20(3), p. 218–231. doi: 10.1080/18387357.2021.1949360. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: Studies including people with severe mental illness (SMI) have reported beneficial effects from physical activity (PA) on psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and global functioning. However, it is important to be regularly physically active to obtain these effects. Using the motivational lens of self-determination theory, the aim of the current study was to explore the dynamic interplay between satisfaction of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) in PA and the patients’ weekly PA level. Methods: The study had a longitudinal design, following 10 in-patients with dual diagnoses (SMI and addiction) over 12 weeks at a psychiatric ward offering physical activity as part of treatment. Data were collected 14 times with a questionnaire measuring psychological need satisfaction, while an accelerometer was used to objectively count steps to reflect participants average PA-level each week. To analyse the week-to-week relationships between the basic psychological needs and PA-level, the Bayesian dynamic p-technique analysis was used to explore both cross-sectional-, autoregressive- as well as cross-lagged effects between the constructs. Results: The results indicated credible and strong positive autoregressive effects for all three psychological needs as well as for PA-level, and positive credible cross-sectional associations between all three psychological needs and PA-level. However, the cross-lagged effects were small and not credible for all three psychological needs in relation to PA-level. Conclusions: In total, these results support the established positive relation between basic psychological need satisfaction and PA-level yet failed in finding any predictive effects between need satisfaction and PA-level.

• Bentzen, Marte; Hordvik, Mats; Stenersen, Magne Hem & Solstad, Bård Erlend (2021). A longitudinal transitional perspective on why adolescents choose to quit organized sport in Norway. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 56, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102015. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The present study used a prospective cohort design to explore the reasons why young athletes decided to quit playing handball. The theoretical underpinnings were drawn from the fields of career transition, motivation, and meaningful experiences in organized youth sport. Thirty-four athletes were included in a larger research project exploring the complex interplay of psychosocial factors during the transition period from lower-to upper-secondary school in Norway. In this study, the data collection involved three sources: individual interviews with the 10 athletes who decided to leave their teams during the study period (five girls and five boys), and individual open-ended questionnaires for these 10 participants collected five times over two seasons, aligned with their participation in focus group interviews. The data analysis involved a three-step process of inductive content analysis of the total corpus of the data. A core finding indicates that all adolescents had gone through a decision-making process over time to determine whether they should continue or quit. It was a process of accumulating reasons that resulted in the final decision. However, the results reveal a broad variation within individual perception and interpretation of what each adolescent experienced as meaningful. Of equal importance, the adolescents not only took their experiences in sport into account when considering quitting organized youth sport, but these were considered in light of their evaluation of meaningfulness in other areas of life. Overall, findings indicate that “dropping out of organized youth sport” should not be regarded as unambiguously negative.

• Bentzen, Marte; Brurok, Berit; Roeleveld, Karin; Hoff, Mari; Jahnsen, Reidun & Wouda, Matthijs Ferdinand [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Changes in physical activity and basic psychological needs related to mental health among people with physical disability during the Covid-19 pandemic in Norway. Disability and Health Journal. ISSN 1936-6574. 14(4), p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101126. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: People with a physical disability are more inactive than the general population. Due to the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on physical and mental health, maintaining a physically active lifestyle is important especially during challenging periods of life. Objective: Explore whether people with a physical disability experienced changes in PA, health status, and psychological need satisfaction (autonomy, competence and relatedness) during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Norway. Further, explore whether changes in psychological need satisfaction were associated with changes in PA level and mental health. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study using an online self-reported questionnaire after the first wave during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: Of the 298 participants with physical disabilities (AgeM = 49yr; 62% females; 66% using mobility aids), 66% reported decreased PA compared to the same period in the previous year, 45% reported declined health status due to increased pain and reduced physical functioning. Regarding psychological need satisfaction, it was primarily the change in need for autonomy and competence for PA that were associated with change in PA and mental health. Conclusions: Most of the participants indicated decreased PA and about half decreased Health status during the Covid-19 pandemic. Further, the results indicated that it is important to nurture the basic psychological needs of autonomy and competence for PA when aiming to maintain or increase PA levels and mental health for this population living under restrictions of a pandemic.

• Bentzen, Marte & Evensen, Kristin Vindhol (2021). “I bow down in awe of them…”: Sports awards for Paralympic athletes and Olympic athletes. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 2000-088X. 12, p. 59–84. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Paralympic athletes receive less media attention than Olympic athletes. Further, Olympic athletes are honoured for athletic achievements, whereas Paralympic athletes have been described as victims, suffering or heroic. Following researchers who have approached normativity and compulsory able-bodiedness in the light of hegemony and sub-hegemony, the current study explores whether sports media are sluggish when presenting athletes with disabilities, or if the picture is a more nuanced one. The context studied was the Norwegian Sports Awards (2001–2018). All introductions to the awards of the following categories were transcribed: Best male athlete, best female athlete, best Paralympian (2002–2012)/best male Paralympian and best female Paralympian (2013–2018). A six-step reflexive inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data (Braun & Clarke, 2019). The results indicated that the introduction of elite athletes with disabilities had some prominent hallmarks. Athletes with disabilities (‘they’) are different from those living without disabilities (‘us’). Athletes with disabilities are inspiring. Achievements of athletes with disabilities are placed in the shade, while disabilities are placed to the fore. An overall hegemony shows when best male and best female athlete are introduced: Female athletes are, to a large degree, described as developing and joked about in sexual manners, whereas male athletes are world-leading. This study provides the opportunity to learn from examples that balance the recognition of elite athletes with disabilities experiencing challenges in daily living with recognition of their athletic achievements. Thus, we suggest that this study adds nuance to the previous research within this context.

• Broms, Lovisa; Bentzen, Marte; Radmann, Aage & Hedenborg, Susanna (2021). Stable Cultures in Cyberspace: A study about equestrians’ use of social media as knowledge platforms. Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 2000-088X. 12, p. 33–58. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  New media habits in the era of digitalization challenge previous understandings of who and what receives media coverage. Research shows that practitioners in self-organized lifestyle sports consistently use social media to attain and exchange information and knowledge about their sport. Is this also the case in organized sport? The Internet has become a great resource for horse-enthusiasts and the online horse world can be described as an extension of the physical horse world. Equestrian sport is particularly interesting to analyze due to the fact that there is an animal involved. Still, there is little knowledge of how horse enthusiasts use social media in relation to their interest in equestrian sports. The aim of this article is therefore to chart and analyze how equestrians use social media, how they communicate horse-related content on social media, and how social media can be seen as a source for knowledge exchange. Our investigation focuses on how equestrians use social media to acquire information about horses, and how this usage can be explained in connection to age and experience. A mixed methods design is used and data is collected from 28 focus group interviews with equestrians in Sweden and Norway and a survey with 1,628 respondents. Our study indicates that practitioners of self-organized sports are not unique in using social network sites (SNS) to exchange and attain knowledge about their sport; equestrians in general are shown to be frequent users of SNS such as Facebook and Instagram. Although our results show a few significant differences in SNS use in relation to age; the riders in the different age groups have surprisingly similar views of their SNS use in relation to attaining information about the horse. ‘Stable cultures’ and the organized structure of equestrian sports appear to create boundaries determining where a ‘good equestrian’ should seek information about horse-keeping. However, the organized structure and traditional nature of this sport do not stop equestrians from turning to SNS.

• Olusoga, Peter; Kenttä, Göran & Bentzen, Marte (2021). Coaching Under Stress and Burnout. In Resende, Rui & Gomes, A. Rui (Ed.), Coaching for Human Development and Performance in Sports. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-63911-2. p. 371–409. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63912-9_19.
• Bentzen, Marte & Malmquist, Linn Kristin (2021). Differences in participation across physical activity contexts between adolescents with and without disability over three years: a self-determination theory perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1894489. Show summary

  Purpose: Meaningful participation is related to satisfaction of the psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness within Self-determination theory. The purpose of this study is to explore whether need satisfaction in physical education (PE), organized sport, and self-organized physical activity (PA) among adolescents with disability differs in relation to their peers without disabilities over a three-year period. Methods: Participants were students of secondary or upper secondary school (T1: N = 2979), reporting either having a disability (n = 328) or not (n = 2651). The psychological needs were measured in the three PA contexts over three time-points. Differences between groups were assessed with t-tests and Cohen’s d. Results: Adolescents with disability reported: in PE, lower need satisfaction across all three time-points; in organized sport, lower levels on all needs at T1, and lower levels of autonomy and relatedness at T2; in self-organized PA, no differences between the groups across all three time points, except for lower autonomy at T2. Conclusions: The findings indicate that adolescents with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to reduced participation in PE and partly in organized sport. Rehabilitation institutions should collaborate closely with stakeholders in PA (e.g., PE teachers and coaches) in adolescents’ municipalities to transfer knowledge about nurturing psychological needs in PA.

• Bentzen, Marte; Alexander, Danielle; Bloom, Gordon A. & Kenttä, Göran (2020). What Do We Know About Research on Parasport Coaches? A Scoping Review. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. ISSN 0736-5829. 38(1), p. 109–137. doi: 10.1123/apaq.2019-0147. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a broad overview of the literature pertaining to parasport coaches, including information regarding the size and scope of research, the populations and perspectives obtained, and the type of methods used to conduct the research. Data were collected and analyzed using a six-stage framework for conducting scoping reviews. The results revealed that the majority of articles were based on interviews, and an overwhelming majority of the participants were men coaching at the high-performance level in North America. Three of the most frequent topics were becoming a parasport coach, being a parasport coach, and having general parasport coaching knowledge. Articles ranged in date from 1991 to 2018, with 70% of empirical articles published from 2014 onward, indicating an emerging interest in this field of research. This review has the potential to advance the science and practice of parasport coaching at all levels.

• Bentzen, Marte; Kenttä, Göran; Richter, Anne & Lemyre, Nicolas (2020). Impact of Job Insecurity on Psychological Well- and Ill-Being among High Performance Coaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(19). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17196939. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The evaluative nature of high performance (HP) sport fosters performance expectations that can be associated with harsh scrutiny, criticism, and job insecurity. In this context, (HP) sport is described as a highly competitive, complex, and turbulent work environment. The aim of this longitudinal, quantitative study was to explore whether HP coaches’ perceptions of job insecurity and job value incongruence in relation to work would predict their psychological well- and ill-being over time. Methods: HP coaches (n = 299) responded to an electronic questionnaire at the start, middle, and end of a competitive season, designed to measure the following: job insecurity, values, psychological well-being (vitality and satisfaction with work), and psychological ill-being (exhaustion and cynicism). Structural equation model analyses were conducted using Mplus. Results: Experiencing higher levels of job insecurity during the middle of the season significantly predicted an increase in coaches’ psychological ill-being, and a decrease in their psychological well-being at the end of the season. However, value incongruence did not have a significant longitudinal impact. Conclusions: These findings cumulatively indicate that coaches’ perceptions of job insecurity matter to their psychological health at work. Consequently, it is recommended that coaches and organizations acknowledge and discuss how to handle job security within the HP sport context.

• Kenttä, Göran; Bentzen, Marte; Dieffenbach, Kristen & Olusoga, Peter (2020). Challenges Experienced by Women High-Performance Coaches: Sustainability in the Profession. International Sport Coaching Journal. ISSN 2328-918X. 7(2), p. 200–208. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2019-0029. Show summary

  High-performance (HP) coaching is a demanding profession. The proportion of woman HP coaches is reported to be in the range of 8.4–20%. Mental health concerns in elite sports have recently gained attention, but mainly focusing on athletes. Beyond coach burnout, limited attention has been given to coaches’ mental health. A recent coach burnout review included only one paper that focused exclusively on women. It has been argued that women HP coaches face greater challenges in a male-dominated coaching culture. The purpose of this study was to explore challenges experienced by women HP coaches and their perceived associations with sustainability and mental health. Thirty-seven female HP coaches participated by answering a semistructured, open-ended questionnaire. All responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, which resulted in two general dimensions: challenges of working as women HP coaches and sustainability and well-being as women HP coaches. Overall, results indicate that challenges reported might be common not only for all HP coaches, but also highlight gender-specific elements. Consequently, coach retention and sustainability would benefit from more attention on well-being and mental health among HP coaches.

• Sørensen, Marit; Bentzen, Marte & Farholm, Anders (2020). Lessons Learned From a Physical Activity Intervention in Psychiatric Treatment: Patient, Staff, and Leader Perspectives. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00087. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To explore how the implementation of a motivational physical activity (PA) intervention for inpatients with severe mental illness was experienced by patients, staff, and leaders at a psychiatric institution. Method: After the intervention individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients (n = 6) and staff (n = 6), and a focus group interview was conducted with the leaders (n = 4). Results: All had a positive view on PA as part of psychiatric treatment, thinking it would benefit the patients' health. There were some differences among the groups as to the importance of PA relative to traditional treatments. Positive outcomes were reported from all three groups, but with different foci. The patients and the staff underscored the importance of PA professionals in order to achieve high quality activities, whereas the leaders, due to restraints in resources, could not prioritize to hire PA professionals. Conclusion: PA was considered a positive part of treatment. Ideas about what it takes to obtain the potential physical, mental, and social benefits of PA differed between patients, the staff involved, and the leaders. Having staff with PA as a primary responsibility and with sufficient competence as PA instructors seems to be important.

• Bentzen, Marte; Kenttä, Göran & Lemyre, Nicolas (2020). Elite football coaches experiences and sensemaking about being fired: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(14). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145196. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Chronic job insecurity seems to be a prominent feature within elite sport, where coaches work under pressure of dismissals if failing to meet performance expectations of stakeholders. The aim of the current study was to get a deeper understanding of elite football coaches’ experiences of getting fired and how they made sense of that process. Method: A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews was conducted with six elite football coaches who were fired within the same season. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was chosen as framework to analyze the data. Results: The results reflected five emerging themes: Acceptance of having an insecure job, working for an unprofessional organization and management, micro-politics in the organization, unrealistic and changing performance expectation, and emotional responses. Conclusion: All coaches expressed awareness and acceptance regarding the risk of being fired. However, they experienced a lack of transparency and clear feedback regarding the causes of dismissal. This led to negative emotional reactions as the coaches experienced being evaluated by poorly defined expectations and by anonymous stakeholders. Sports organizations as employers should strive to be transparent during dismissal. In addition, job insecurity is a permanent stressor for coaches and should be acknowledged and targeted within coach education.

• Mikalsen, Hilde Kristin; Bentzen, Marte; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Lagestad, Pål Arild (2020). Trajectories of Physical Activity Among Adolescents in the Transition From Primary to Secondary School. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 2. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Research on physical activity (PA) behavior reveals an overall decrease worldwide from early childhood and throughout adulthood. The ability to illuminate which factors promote activity for whom and in which phase of life, therefore, becomes a key concept in extending our understanding of individuals' physical activity trajectories. Accordingly, this study investigates latent trajectories of objectively measured PA in adolescents (n = 306) over 3 years from ages 13 to 15. Further, it was tested whether eagerness for physical activity, perceived athletic competence, and parental support were associated with the different trajectories of PA. Latent class growth analysis revealed two PA trajectories (trajectory 1: “decrease from very high” and trajectory 2: “steeper decrease from high”). Trajectory 1 had a higher PA level at baseline and less PA decline than trajectory 2. Trajectory 1, “decrease from very high,” was associated with higher levels of eagerness for physical activity and perception of competence at all three time points. Furthermore, the effect size of differences between trajectory 1, “decrease from very high,” and trajectory 2, “steeper decrease from high,” increased from baseline (age 13, seventh grade) to posttest (age 15, ninth grade). This finding indicates a stronger experience of PA as enjoyable, personally relevant, and self-confirming behavior (i.e., “I regard myself as a person who exercises”) within the most active adolescents and even stronger as they get older. Consistent with previous research, the PA level declined from seventh to ninth grade. Being more eager for PA and perceiving oneself more as athletically competent is related to higher levels of PA. This highlights the importance of optimizing environmental factors that increase adolescents' experience of eagerness for physical activity and physical athletic competence.

• Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Bentzen, Marte (2020). Benefits of Psychological Detachment From Work: Does Autonomous Work Motivation Play a Role? Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00824. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Research has shown that psychological detachment from work during non-work time is beneficial for various aspects of employee well-being and job performance. However, it is uncertain whether psychological detachment is equally important to all. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether psychological detachment is less important for employees who experience autonomous motivation for their job. The study was conducted in two different samples of knowledge workers in Norway. Latent profile analysis was used to identify different subgroups within the samples. In addition, the BCH method was used to examine possible differences between the profiles on distal outcomes. In both samples, two distinct profiles were found: “Lower involvement employees” (Low-IE; higher detachment and lower autonomous regulation) and “Higher involvement employees” (High-IE; lower detachment and higher autonomous regulation). The results revealed that the High-IE profile was significantly higher in positive affect, life satisfaction, work effort, and work quality, while significantly lower on emotional exhaustion compared with Low-IE. These results indicate that being low in detachment from work does not seem to be detrimental when combined with high levels of autonomous motivation. The study contributes to knowledge about the benefits of unwinding from work for employees with different motivational profiles.

• Olusoga, Peter; Bentzen, Marte & Kenttä, Göran (2019). Coach Burnout: A Scoping Review. International Sport Coaching Journal. ISSN 2328-918X. 6(1), p. 42–62. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2017-0094. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Coaches’ experiences of burnout and stress have been popular topics for research within sport psychology, particularly over the last decade. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an up-to-date and critical review of the coaching burnout literature, consolidate research findings, assess current methodological and conceptual trends, and identify avenues for research in this area. Five electronic databases were used to conduct the literature search up to September 30th, 2017 (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ORIA, Google Scholar). Initially, 65 papers, reviews, and books chapter were identified, but through an iterative process, 45 peer-reviewed, published articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, and the data from these studies was charted. Findings indicated that coach burnout literature is explored from a number of different theoretical perspectives, and shortcomings were identified regarding constructs and concepts used, and research quality. Based on consolidated findings, key challenges are identified, and recommendations for future research are suggested. Recommendations include the use of designs that fully capture the enduring nature of the burnout experience, further consideration being given to the measurement of coach burnout, and further research exploring the clinical treatment and prevention of burnout in coaching contexts.

• Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2019). Development of positive emotions in physical education: Person-centered approach for understanding motivational stability and change. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. ISSN 0031-3831. 64(7), p. 999–1014. doi: 10.1080/00313831.2019.1639818. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A person-centered exploration of positive emotions in relation to selfdetermination theory might shed light on the hidden dynamics in the motivational processes in physical education (PE). In the present longitudinal study, PE students were followed during three years at secondary school (N = 1681). Latent class growth analysis revealed a three-class solution: The largest class (n = 1121) reported high levels of positive emotions over the three years. The second largest class (n = 275) reported low levels of positive emotions over the three years, and the smallest class (n = 112) reported a decrease in positive emotions over the three years. Further, the results revealed an association between the intensity of positive emotions, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and quality of motivation. This person-centered study contributes to the identification of students’ emotional engagement in PE as an indicator for understanding their processes of learning, development, and well-being.

• Mikalsen, Hilde Kristin; Lagestad, Pål Arild; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2019). Does eagerness for physical activity matter? The association between eagerness and physical activity among adoledcents. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 7. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00088. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study investigated the association between perceived parental support and eagerness for physical activity (EPA) among adolescents, and the association between EPA and physical activity. We further examined whether perceived athletic competence (PAC) mediates a presumed association between EPA and physical activity level, when controlling for gender. This study included 320 adolescents (aged 12–13) from 18 schools in two medium-sized Norwegian municipalities. Questionnaires and accelerometers were assessed during spring 2017. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the associations. Standard regression coefficients are presented. Data demonstrated that perceived parental support was positively associated with EPA (β = 0.52), and eagerness was positively associated with PAC (β = 0.52). Both EPA (β = 0.20) and PAC (β = 0.24) were also positively associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). When mediating the relationship between EPA and MVPA, through PAC, the effect on MVPA increased (from β = 0.20 to β = 0.32). Analysis revealed that 87% of the adolescents fulfilled the national health recommendations for physical activity. This study highlights the relevance of EPA and PAC in studies of physical activity among adolescents, and the impact of perceived parental support for adolescents' EPA and physical activity level.

• Pedersen, Cathrine; Halvari, Halgeir; Solstad, Bård Erlend & Bentzen, Marte (2019). Longitudinal trajectories of physical activity among employees participating in a worksite health promotion intervention: A latent class growth approach. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 43, p. 311–320. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.03.007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: This study investigated different patterns of physical activity (PA; frequency, intensity, and duration) among employees during and after participating in a worksite health-promotion intervention over a period of one year. The study aimed to assess whether different patterns of PA were associated with perceived competence and motivational regulations for PA. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial with a delayed-intervention control group. The design of the group-based intervention was based on the tenets of Self-determination theory (SDT). Method: The study consisted of employees (N = 202, M age = 42.5) working with manual labor in an (Anonymized) transport and logistics company. A person-centered approach was applied in order to explore if there were different latent trajectories within the sample related to PA. The data was analyzed with latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and the modified BCH method. Results: The LCGA identified three PA trajectories: (1) employees high at baseline who declined significantly (n = 16), (2) employees who remained stable at a moderate level (n = 55), and (3) the majority of employees who reported low levels at baseline and increased significantly (n = 128). High levels of PA were associated with higher levels of perceived competence and autonomous forms of motivation for, which is in line with the tenets of SDT. Contrary to study hypothesis, controlled forms of motivation increased in all three trajectories after the intervention. Conclusions: Different trajectories of PA were found, and the intervention was able to attract employees with low levels of PA.

• Moen, Frode; Bentzen, Marte & Myhre, Kenneth (2018). The role of passion and affect in enhancing the understanding of coach burnout. The International Journal of Coaching Science. ISSN 1975-8286. 12(1), p. 3–34. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The purpose of the present cross-sectional study among Norwegian coaches (N = 510, Mage = 28.49 years, SD = 10.99; Mexperience = 14.95 years, SD = 9.85; Women 19.6%, men 80.4%; Fulltime 23%, part-time 26%, volunteers 51%) was to examine the relationships between harmonious- (HP) and obsessive passion (OP), negative- (NA) and positive affect (PA), and burnout. Structural equation modeling (SEM: Kline 2011) indicated an acceptable fit (Brown, 2006) both concerning the confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to determine the factor structure of the scales, and when testing the model involving direct and indirect effects. Overall, the results supported the dualistic model of passion can contribute to explain the coach burnout syndrome through PA and NA. Of interest, higher levels of HP and PA seemed particularly to be negatively associated to burnout, while higher levels of OP and NA were found to be positively associated to burnout. Findings will be discussed in relation to theory with an emphasis on applied suggestions to prevent coach burnout.

• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2016). Development of exhaustion for high-performance coaches in association with workload and motivation: A person-centered approach. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 22(1), p. 10–19. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.004. Show summary

  Objectives: The aim of the current study was twofold. First, to explore whether there were different trajectories of exhaustion among high-performance coaches over the course of a competitive season. Then, to investigate whether workload-related variables and motivational regulations were associated with exhaustion class membership. Methods and design: 299 high-performance coaches responded to an online survey at the start, middle, and end of a competitive season, assessing exhaustion, workload, work home interference (WHI), recovery, and motivational regulations. Latent class growth analyses were used to identify different trajectories of perceived exhaustion. Further, multinomial logistic regression examined class associations for workload-related variables and motivational regulations at the start and at the end of competitive season. Results: Four different trajectories of perceived exhaustion among coaches were identified, termed respectively “High” (10%), “Increase” (15%), “Decrease” (4%) and “Low” (71%). Higher levels of workload and WHI were associated to classes with higher levels of exhaustion. Higher levels of recovery, and intrinsic and identified regulations were associated to classes with lower levels of exhaustion. Adaptive and maladaptive profiles were identified. Conclusions: Different trajectories of exhaustion among high-performance coaches over the course of a competitive season were found. A maladaptive profile was associated with higher perceived workload and WHI, as well as lower levels of recovery, intrinsic and identified regulations, when compared to the adaptive profile.

• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2016). Changes in Motivation and Burnout Indices in High-Performance Coaches Over the Course of a Competitive Season. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. ISSN 1041-3200. 28(1), p. 28–48. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2015.1053160. Show summary

  Being subject to a great range of demands is believed to increase burnout propensity in high-performance coaches. This study is the first to explore whether the 4-step self-determination theory process model is a valuable framework to better understand the process influencing burnout and well-being in high-performance coaches (N = 343, M = 40.33 years) throughout a competitive season. Findings indicated that coaches on average increased in burnout and decreased in well-being. Hypotheses were to a large extent supported: change in perceived environment → change in psychological need satisfaction → change in autonomous motivation → change in burnout and well-being.

• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2015). The process of burnout among professional sport coaches through the lens of self-determination theory: a qualitative approach. Sports Coaching Review. ISSN 2164-0629. 3(2), p. 101–116. doi: 10.1080/21640629.2015.1035050. Show summary

  Using a qualitative retrospective approach, this paper investigates how some work-related demands led to burnout among four professional coaches. Self-determination theory (SDT) offered a sound theoretical framework to better understand the motivational process leading to serious negative outcomes (Ryan & Deci, 2002). Findings indicated that all coaches experienced working in a maladaptive environment, exemplified by experiencing very heavy workloads, a lack of leader support, and work-related conflicts. These experiences had a detrimental effect on the coaches' motivation. Psychological need thwarting and a shift towards a more controlled form of motivation explained why coaches became increasingly at risk for burning out, a process that evolved over time. All four coaches experienced a wide range of burnout symptoms. Findings from this study highlight the importance for sports organizations to better cater for the psychological needs of professional coaches to prevent burnout.

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• Kenttä, Göran; Bentzen, Marte; Falk, Stefan; Ström, Per-Olov & Meckbach, Susanne (2016). Utveckla lederskapet – fakta, inspration och reflektioner. SISU Idrottsböcker. ISBN 978-91-87745-97-3. 264 p.

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• Tafvelin, Susanne; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Bentzen, Marte & Stenling, Andreas (2023). Development and validation of a remote work characteristics scale: A self-determination perspective.
• Tafvelin, Susanne; Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Bentzen, Marte & Stenling, Andreas (2023). Development and validation of a remote work scale: A self-determination theory perspective.
• Stenling, Andreas; Tafvelin, Susanne; Bentzen, Marte & Olafsen, Anja Hagen (2023). Leadership behaviors in remote and hybrid work settings: Longitudinal implications for employee work motivation and performance.
• Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Bentzen, Marte; Tafvelin, Susanne & Stenling, Andreas (2023). Satisfied or frustrated? Examining the longitudinal implications of remote work in relation to employees’ basic psychological needs, work motivation, and work-related well-being.
• Bentzen, Marte; Stenling, Andreas; Tafvelin, Susanne & Olafsen, Anja Hagen (2023). Remote work for all: Insights on opportunities and challenges from a representative sample of Norwegian employees.
• Alexander, Danielle; Bloom, Gordon A.; Bentzen, Marte & Kenttä, Göran (2022). Exploring the role of the high-performance head coach in creating a successful culture in Canadian, norwegian, and swedish parasport teams. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport. 53(1). Show summary

  Proceedings of the SCAPPS 2022 Annual Conference

• Olafsen, Anja Hagen; Bentzen, Marte; Stenling, Andreas & Tafvelin, Susanne (2022). Insight on remote work: Characteristics and consequences in a national representative sample of Norwegian employees.
• Kujanpää, Miika; Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Bentzen, Marte (2022). Daily within-fluctuations in need frustration: Implications on employee well-being.
• Bentzen, Marte & Baumgart, Julia Kathrin (2021). Endring i fysisk aktivitet og psykologiske behov relatert til mental helse blant mennesker med nedsatt bevegelsesevne under Covid-19 pandemien .
• Bentzen, Marte & Baumgart, Julia Kathrin (2021). Endring i fysisk aktivitet og psykologiske behov relatert til mental helse blant mennesker med nedsatt bevegelsesevne under Covid-19 pandemien .
• Bentzen, Marte; Arvola, Jakob & Grønbech, Turi (2021). Studio 2. [Radio]. NRK P2.
• Nylenna, Mathias; Bentzen, Marte; Lind, Cecilie; Alexandersen, Bjørnar & Frogner, Mia (2021). Dagens. [Radio]. nrk.no.
• Broms, Lovisa; Bentzen, Marte; Radmann, Aage & Hedenborg, Susanna (2021). Stable cultures in cyberspace: A study about equestrians’ use of social media as knowledge platforms | A summary. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Bentzen, Marte; Alexander, Danielle; Bloom, Gordon A. & Kenttä, Göran (2021). What do we know about research on parasport coaches? A scoping review | A summary. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. ISSN 1652-7224.
• Gjestvang, Christina; Klevidal, Morten Skogheim & Bentzen, Marte (2021). Paratreneren (Podcast). [Internet]. nih.no.
• Kenttä, Göran; Olusoga, Peter & Bentzen, Marte (2020). Coaches: Health, Well-Being, and Burnout. In Hackfort, Dieter & Schinke, Robert J. (Ed.), The Routledge International Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Volume 2: Applied and Practical Measures. Routledge. ISSN 9781138734463. p. 154–165.
• Evensen, Kristin Vindhol & Bentzen, Marte (2020). Idrettsgallaen som inspirasjonsporno. Forskersonen.no.
• Mikalsen, Hilde Kristin; Lagestad, Pål Arild; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2019). Does eagerness for physical activity matter?
• Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2019). Development of positive emotions in physical education in association with motivation: A person-centered approach .
• Pedersen, Cathrine; Halvari, Hallgeir; Solstad, Bård Erlend & Bentzen, Marte (2019). Changes in physical activity during a worksite intervention: Latent trajectories and their relationship to competence and motivational regulation.
• Bentzen, Marte & Evensen, Kristin Vindhol (2019). I'm bending in the dust. An analyses of the Norwegian Sports Awards .
• Olafsen, Anja Hagen & Bentzen, Marte (2019). Benefits of Psychological Detachment from Work: Does Autonomous Work Motivation Play a Role?
• Bentzen, Marte & Evensen, Kristin Vindhol (2018). Paraidretten på Galla.
• Midthaugen, Per; Bentzen, Marte & Standal, Øyvind Førland (2018). Inclusion in Physical Education, Organized Sports and Self-Organized Activities in the lens of Self-Determination Theory. .
• Bentzen, Marte; Farholm, Anders; Ivarsson, Andreas & Sørensen, Marit (2018). Longitudinal Relations between Needs Satisfaction and Physical Activity among Patients with Dual Diagnosis of Severe Mental Illness and Addiction .
• Bentzen, Marte; Kenttä, Göran & Lemyre, Nicolas (2017). Well-being for sports coaches:: equality between coaches in abledbodied elite sport and paralympic sport?
• Kenttä, Göran; Bentzen, Marte & Kristen, Dieffenbach (2017). Where are the female high-preformance coaches?: going from a gender perspective to a sustainable work-life perspective.
• Bentzen, Marte; Kenttä, Göran & Lemyre, Nicolas (2017). Elite Football Coaches Experiences and Sensemaking about Being Fired, An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
• Bentzen, Marte; Richter, Anne; Kenttä, Göran & Lemyre, Nicolas (2017). The Impact of Job Insecurity and Value on Psychological Well- and Ill-being among High-Performance Coaches. .
• Bentzen, Marte; Farholm, Anders & Sørensen, Marit (2017). Lessons learned from a physical activity intervention study in psychiatric treatment: Perspectives from patients, staff, and leaders. .
• Evensen, Kristin Vindhol & Bentzen, Marte (2017). Gå nært for å se det større? Perspektiver og spennvidde innen forskning om funksjonshemming (Key-note).
• Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2017). Enhanced understanding of differences in development of positive emotions among adoescents in physical education over 3-years: A person-centered approach.
• Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar (2017). Gutter har mer positive følelser i kroppsøving enn jenter.
• Bentzen, Marte (2016). Burnout among high-performance coaches – is it a problem? .
• Bentzen, Marte; Sørensen, Marit & Lemyre, Nicolas (2016). From "I love" to "I must" – The lived experiences of a professional equestrian coach about being in a severe burnout process .
• Sørensen, Marit; Bentzen, Marte; Loukova, Tereza; Hátlová, Bela & Wedlichova, Iva (2016). Physical Activity as Part of Psychiatric Treatment: A Czech –Norwegian Research Cooperation .
• Sørensen, Marit; Bentzen, Marte; Farholm, Anders & Loukova, Tereza (2016). Physical Activity as Part of Psychiatric Treatment: Construction of a motivational intervention.
• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2016). Exhaustion and cynicism needs to be targeted differently – a study among Paralympic coaches.
• Bentzen, Marte; Myhre, Kenneth & Moen, Frode (2016). The role of passion and affect in enhancing the understanding of coach burnout.
• Bentzen, Marte & Kenttä, Göran (2016). Hållbart ledarskap ur ett tränar- och coachperspektiv, Utveckla lederskapet – fakta, inspration och reflektioner. SISU Idrottsböcker. ISSN 978-91-87745-97-3. p. 196–263.
• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2015). Variation in the Ability to Meet Recovery Demands Explains Susceptibility to Burnout in Elite Soccer Coaches .
• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2015). Basic Psychological Needs Thwarting and Shift in Quality of Motivation: Markers of Exhaustion in Professional Sport Coaches. .
• Bentzen, Marte; Lemyre, Nicolas & Kenttä, Göran (2013). Advances in sport-based burnout research-Determinants of burnout in high-level sport coaches. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). ISSN 0895-2779. 35, p. S14–S14.
• Bentzen, Marte & Lemyre, Nicolas (2011). Prevention of burnout among elite sport coaches: The mediating role of positive emotions and satisfaction with work .
• Bentzen, Marte & Halvari, Hallgeir (2010). A longitudinal study in line with Self-determination Theory: Maintenance of Physical activity Change – 4 years after vocational rehabilitation.
• Bentzen, Marte & Halvari, Hallgeir (2006). A highly autonomy supportive clinic rehabilitation after long term sickness . changes in motivation and perceived competence predicted post-measures of perceived autonomy support, which predicted change in physical activity.

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