Nikolaos Ntoumanis

• Dalgas, Birgitte Westerskov; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Elmose-Østerlund, Karsten & Bredahl, Thomas Viskum Gjelstrup (2024). Exploring the process of restoring psychological needs after incidences of frustration and need unfulfillment. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1413963.
• Murdoch, Elizabeth M.; Ayers, Joanne; Trihy, Eoghan; Crane, Monique F.; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Brade, Carly [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Stepping back or stepping in: A qualitative investigation of self-distanced versus self-immersed stressor reflections with competitive swimmers. Stress and Health. ISSN 1532-3005. doi: 10.1002/smi.3434.
• Wong, Michelle L; Girdler, Sonya; Afsharnejad, Bahareh; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Milbourn, Ben & Kebble, Paul [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Motivation to participate in structured physical activity for autistic youth: A systematic scoping review. Autism. ISSN 1362-3613. doi: 10.1177/13623613241240603.
• Møller, Trine K.; Larsen, Malte N.; Pfeffer, Kristina; Frydenlund, Sabrina Egelund; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Krustrup, Peter (2024). The effects of a combined physical activity and health education program on health knowledge and well-being of socially vulnerable children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 34(4). doi: 10.1111/sms.14606.
• Huyghebaert-Zouaghi, Tiphaine; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Thomas, Jérémy; Badré, Simon & Berjot, Sophie (2024). Rethinking students' psychological need states: The unique role of need unfulfilment to understanding ill-being in academic settings. Stress and Health. ISSN 1532-3005. doi: 10.1002/smi.3379.
• Bengtsson, Dennis; Stenling, Andreas; Nygren, Jens; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Ivarsson, Andreas (2024). The effects of interpersonal development programmes with sport coaches and parents on youth athlete outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 70, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102558.
• Holmquist, Sofie; Stenling, Andreas; Tafvelin, Susanne; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Schéle, Ingrid (2023). Dimensionality, Invariance, and Nomological Network of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS): An Extensive Psychometric Investigation in a Swedish Work Cohort. Journal of Personality Assessment. ISSN 0022-3891. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258960. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The present study evaluated the dimensionality, measurement invariance, and nomological network of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS) in a sample of Swedish workers. Using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, and bifactor modeling, 30 different measurement models were evaluated cross-sectionally (n = 2123) and longitudinally (n = 1506). Measurement invariance was tested across gender and time. The nomological network of the NSFS was examined through its relations with life satisfaction and cognitive weariness. The findings supported a first-order six-factor ESEM model and measurement invariance of the Swedish version of the NSFS. Need satisfaction was positively related to life satisfaction and unrelated to cognitive weariness. Need frustration was negatively related to life satisfaction and positively related to cognitive weariness. The present study supported a six-factor structure of the Swedish NSFS, which appears suitable for assessing changes over time and gender differences in ratings.

• Pedersen, Julie Rønne; Møller, Merete; Storm, Louise Kamuk; Koes, Bart; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Thorlund, Jonas Bloch (2023). To rest or to compete? A 4-week cohort study of analgesic use and willingness to compete hurt in Danish youth elite athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. ISSN 1440-2440. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.181. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To assess the association between analgesic use and willingness to compete hurt (WCH) in Danish youth elite athletes, and to explore factors associated with such willingness. Design: 4-week prospective cohort study. Methods: 592 Danish youth elite athletes (15–20 years) completed a baseline questionnaire assessing demographic information, sport history, and WCH, and provided weekly reports on analgesic use for 4 weeks via text messages. Analgesic use was categorized as no use (0 weeks) or use across 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks, and as the total number of days with analgesic use. Multinomial logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses estimated the association between analgesic use and WCH. Linear backward stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with WCH. Results: Overall, risk of analgesic use increased significantly with increasing WCH scores (relative risk ratios ranging from 1.06 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.12%) to 1.34% (95% CI 1.15 to 1.57)). The incidence rate of analgesic use increased significantly with increasing WCH scores (incidence rate ratio 1.09 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.14)). Associations between the investigated possible antecedent factors and WCH were weak and not considered practically important (R2 = 0.05 or lower). Conclusions: Higher WCH scores were associated with increasing risk of analgesic use, irrespective of the underlying reason for the use, in Danish youth elite athletes, suggesting that analgesics may be an ingrained part of a sport-specific culture of risk acceptance. Future studies should include measures of culture, norms, and social interaction to better explain the variance in WCH.

• Ahmadi, Asghar; Noetel, Michael; Parker, Philip; Ryan, Richard M; Ntoumanis, Nikos & Reeve, Johnmarshall [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2023). A Classification System for Teachers’ Motivational Behaviors Recommended in Self-Determination Theory Interventions. Journal of Educational Psychology. ISSN 0022-0663. 115(8), p. 1158–1176. doi: 10.1037/edu0000783.
• Back, Jenny; Stenling, Andreas; Solstad, Bård Erlend; Svedberg, Petra; Johnson, Urban & Ntoumanis, Nikos [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Psychosocial Predictors of Drop-Out from Organised Sport: A Prospective Study in Adolescent Soccer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(24), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416585. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In recent years an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ soccer participation has been observed. Given the potentially adverse consequences of drop-out from soccer, more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. In the current study, Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis was used to investigate demographic and motivational factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out from adolescent soccer. The results of this study indicate that older age, experiencing less autonomy support from the coach, less intrinsic motivation, being female, and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out. An interpretation of the results of this study is that coaches play a central part in creating a sports context that facilitates motivation and continued soccer participation. Based on the findings of the current study we propose that soccer clubs implement theoretically informed coach education programs to help coaches adopt autonomy-supportive coaching strategies.

• Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie; Dodos, Louisa A.; Stenling, Andreas & Ntoumanis, Nikos (2020). Does self-compassion help to deal with dietary lapses among overweight and obese adults who pursue weight-loss goals? British Journal of Health Psychology. ISSN 1359-107X. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12499.
• Ntoumanis, Nikos; Ng, Johan YY; Prestwich, Andrew; Quested, Eleanor; Hancox, Jennie E & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health Psychology Review. ISSN 1743-7199. p. 1–31. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs and health indices. Our aim was to meta-analyse such interventions in the health promotion and disease management literatures. Studies were eligible if they used an experimental design, tested an intervention that was based on SDT, measured at least one SDT-based motivational construct, and at least one indicator of health behaviour, physical health, or psychological health. Seventy-three studies met these criteria and provided sufficient data for the purposes of the review. A random-effects meta-analytic model showed that SDT-based interventions produced small-to-medium changes in most SDT constructs at the end of the intervention period, and in health behaviours at the end of the intervention period and at the follow-up. Small positive changes in physical and psychological health outcomes were also observed at the end of the interventions. Increases in need support and autonomous motivation (but not controlled motivation or amotivation) were associated with positive changes in health behaviour. In conclusion, SDT-informed interventions positively affect indices of health; these effects are modest, heterogeneous, and partly due to increases in self-determined motivation and support from social agents.

• Viladrich, Carme; Appleton, Paul R.; Quested, Eleanor; Duda, Joan L.; Alcaraz, Saül & Heuzé, Jean-Philippe [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Measurement invariance of the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire when completed by young athletes across five European countries. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. ISSN 1612-197X. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2013.830434. Show summary

  The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the factorial validity of the Behavioural Regulation Sport in Questionnaire (BRSQ) when completed by young soccer players in the Promoting Adolescent Physical Activity (PAPA) project (9-15 years old) in 5 European countries (France: n = 1248, Greece: n = 1507, Norway: n = 1397, Spain: n = 2245, and England: n = 1372) and (2) test the measurement invariance of its latent factors across these 5 countries. First, we tested the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) factor analyses, allowing cross-loadings between factors, against the traditional independent clusters confirmatory factor analysis model (ICM-CFA), with all cross-loadings constrained to zero. The ESEM showed very Good Fit Indices, whereas the ICM-CFA was not tenable across countries. Second, the ESEM was used as the baseline model for the tests of factor loading (metric) invariance and factor loading plus thresholds (scalar) invariance. The five factors obtained from the analysis were scalar invariant and interpretable across the five countries (languages) as intrinsic motivation, identified, introjected and external regulations, and amotivation, in line with the tenets of self-determination theory). This study contributes to methodological advances in sport psychology, as it is the first time an adaptation of the BRSQ for young participants has been factor analysed comparing the more flexible ESEM to the usual ICM-CFA. Our data clearly favour using the more flexible weak dimensionality model (ESEM) and suggest a fresh interpretation of previous results may be required.

• Quested, Eleanor; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Viladrich, Carme; Haug, Ellen; Ommundsen, Yngvar & van Hoye, Aurelie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2013). Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. ISSN 1612-197X. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2013.830431. Show summary

  Research arising from self-determination theory (SDT; Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268) indicates that the quality of the social interactions between athletes and coaches, and athletes’ ensuing psychological responses, are critical determinants of intentions to drop out of youth sport. Little is known regarding whether these processes hold across countries. Grounded in SDT, this study tested the invariance of a model predicting youth sport dropout across five European countries. Seven thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine grassroots players (6641 males, 1020 females (M age = 11.56, SD = 1.40) from youth soccer teams in five countries (England, France, Greece, Norway, and Spain) completed a questionnaire tapping perceptions of coach-provided autonomy support, basic psychological need satisfaction (i.e. autonomy, competence and relatedness), soccer enjoyment, and intentions to drop out of soccer in the next season. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The hypothesised model (autonomy support → basic needs → enjoyment → intentions to drop out of soccer) showed an acceptable fit to the data and provided evidence of configural factor loading and structural path invariance across the five countries. This study supports the applicability of the basic needs theory model as a framework to understand the determinants of drop out intentions in sport among European youth across national boundaries. Findings highlight a potential avenue for intervention that could impact children’s enjoyment of, and intentions to continue, playing soccer; namely, interventions that specifically target autonomy supportive coaching.

• Reinboth, Michael; Duda, Joan & Ntoumanis, Nikos (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion. ISSN 0146-7239. 28(3), p. 297–313. Show summary

  Grounded in self-determination theory (E.L. Deci & R.M.Ryan, 2000), the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of dimensions of coaching behavior to intrinsic need satisfaction and indices of psychological and physical well-being among male adolescent athletes. Participants were 265 British soccer and cricket players (M age=16.44). Structural equation modeling analysis, using maximum likelihood robust method, showed athletes' perceptions of autonomy support, mastery focus, and social support from the coach to predict their satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, respectively. The satisfaction of the need for competence emerged as the most important predictcor of psychologicaland physiccal well-being. The findings suggest that particular aspects of the social environment may be salient for fostering particular psychological needs. The results also underline the importance of perceived competence for the psychological and physical welfare of adolescents in team sports.

• Ntoumanis, Nikos; Pensgaard, Anne Marte; Martin, Chris & Pipe, Katie (2004). An ideographic analysis of amotivation in compulsory school physical e. ?. p. 197–214. Show summary

  The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth account of amotiv

• Kavussanu, Maria; Roberts, Glyn C. & Ntoumanis, Nikos (2002). Contextual influences on moral functioning of college basketball players. The Sport Psychologist. ISSN 0888-4781. 16, p. 347–367. Show summary

  The purpose of this study was to examine the role of moral atmosphere and perceived performance motivational climate on moral functioning of college basketball players and to determine the relationship between moral atmosphere and perceived performancemotivational climate. A total of 199 athletes participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the interrelationships among the variables of interest. Athletes’ perceptions of the moral atmosphere of their team had a directeffect on moral functioning, while the effect of performance motivational climate on moral functioning was not significant. Perceptions of a performance motivational climate were positively associated with the moral atmosphere of the team. Implications of the findings for eliminating unsportspersonlike conduct in the sport realm are discussed.

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• Treasure, Darren C.; Lemyre, Pierre-Nicolas; Standage, Martyn & Ntoumanis, Nikos (2004). A Longitudinal Examination of Motivation Orientation and Basic Needs Satisfaction in a Sample of Elite Level Swimmers. Show summary

  Consistent with SDT, perceptions of an autonomy-supportive environment provided the social context required to sustain levels of intrinsic motivation across the swim season. Aligned with basic needs theory, the satisfaction of the innate needs (T2) served to accentuate levels of positive affect (T3) when controlling for positive affect responses (T2). Conceptually coherent findings for negative affect and vitality emerged, but these failed to reach statistical significance. Despite a small sample size, results of our longitudinal study support various theoretical tenets of SDT and the application of the model to elite sport settings. From an applied perspective, our results suggest that coaches should seek to create training environments that afford athlete choice, understanding, and personal volition should they wish to promote self-determined motivation and well-being.

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