Elisabeth Edvardsen

• Larsson, Petra; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Gay, Caryl; Ursin, Marie Helene; Mack, Ulrich & Lerdal, Anners (2024). Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and fatigue three months after first-ever ischemic stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. ISSN 1074-9357. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2333191. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oberholzer, Laura; Montero, David; Robach, Paul; Siebenmann, Christoph; Ryrsøe, Camilla Koch & Bonne, Thomas C. [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Determinants and reference values for blood volume and total hemoglobin mass in women and men. American Journal of Hematology. ISSN 0361-8609. 99(1), s. 88–98. doi: 10.1002/ajh.27162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Engan, Britt; Diab, Simone; Brun, Henrik; Raastad, Truls; Torsvik, Ingrid Kristin & Omdal, Tom Roar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Systolic myocardial function measured by echocardiographic speckle-tracking and peak oxygen consumption in pediatric childhood cancer survivors—a PACCS study. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. ISSN 2297-055X. 10. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1221787. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grønningsæter, Lasse; Estensen, Mette-Elise; Skulstad, Helge; Langesæter, Eldrid & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2023). Cardiorespiratory fitness in women after severe pre-eclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy. ISSN 1064-1955. 42(1), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1080/10641955.2023.2245054. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Larsson, Petra; Bidonde Torre, Maria Julia; Olsen, Unni Solveig Johansen; Gay, Caryl; Lerdal, Anners & Ursin, Marie Helene [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Association of post-stroke fatigue with physical activity and physical fitness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stroke. ISSN 1747-4930. 18(9), s. 1063–1070. doi: 10.1177/17474930231152132. Vis sammendrag

  Background: It has been hypothesized that post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is associated with reduced physical activity (PA) and impaired physical fitness (fitness). Understanding associations between PSF and PA, and/or fitness could help guide the development of targeted exercise interventions to treat PSF. Aims: Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate PSF’s associations with PA and fitness. Summary of review: Following a registered protocol, we included studies with cross-sectional or prospective observational designs, published in English or a Scandinavian language, which reported an association of PSF with PA and/or fitness in adult stroke survivors. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to November 30, 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality in Prognosis Studies. Thirty-two unique studies (total n = 4721 participants, 55% male), and three study protocols were included. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool data for PA and fitness outcomes, and vote-counting of direction of association to synthesize data that could not be meta-analyzed. We found moderate-certainty evidence of a weak association between higher PSF and impaired fitness (meta r = –0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.33, –0.15; n = 905, 7 studies), and very low-certainty evidence of no association between PSF and PA (meta r = –0.09; 95% CI = –0.34, 0.161; n = 430, 3 studies). Vote-counting showed a higher proportion of studies with associations between higher PSF and impaired fitness (pˆ = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.97; p = 0.22, n = 298, 6 studies), and with associations between higher PSF and lower PA (pˆ = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.90; p = 0.08, n = 2566, 16 studies). Very low- to moderate-certainty evidence reflects small study sample sizes, high risk of bias, and inconsistent results. Conclusions: The meta-analysis showed moderate-certainty evidence of an association between higher PSF and impaired fitness. These results indicate that fitness might protect against PSF. Larger prospective studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of exercise on PSF are needed to confirm these findings.

• Andries, Aristomo; Ørstavik, Kristin; Rueegg, Corina Silvia; Eng, Sindre Rike; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Allen, Sara Maria [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Polyneuropathy in Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors: The PACCS Study. Pediatric Neurology. ISSN 0887-8994. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.11.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of polyneuropathy due to chemotherapy, but studies in young survivors are scarce and diagnosis is challenging. We aimed to study the presence of polyneuropathy and the possible effect of cumulative doses of chemotherapeutic agents in a representative group of adolescent survivors. Methods: CCS aged nine to 18 years and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from the cross-sectional Physical Activity and Fitness among Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) study. CCS with various cancer diagnoses who had ended cancer treatment one year or more before study were included. Polyneuropathy was evaluated clinically and with nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in three motor and five sensory nerves. We used mixed-effects linear regression models to compare CCS and controls, and investigate possible associations between cumulative chemotherapy doses and NCS amplitudes. Results: A total of 127 CCS and 87 controls were included, with 14% CCS having probable or confirmed polyneuropathy. NCS amplitudes were lower in survivors compared with controls in all nerves. The largest mean difference was 3.47 μV (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18 to 4.75) in the tibial plantar medial sensory and 1.91 mV (95% CI, 0.78 to 3.04) in the tibial motor nerve. The cumulative dose of platinum derivatives was associated with lower tibial motor nerve amplitude (−0.20; 95% CI, −0.35 to −0.04 mV for 100 mg/m2 dose increase) but not in other nerves. We found no significant associations between vinca alkaloids cumulative dose and amplitudes. Conclusions: CCS without clinical signs or symptoms of polyneuropathy may have subtle nerve affection. The clinical long-term impact of this novel observation should be evaluated in larger, longitudinal studies.

• Michalski, Meghan; Rowed, Kylie; Lavery, Jessica A; Moskowitz, Chaya S; Capaci, Catherine & Stene, Guro Birgitte [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Validity of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer. JACC: CardioOncology. ISSN 2666-0873. 4(2), s. 210–219. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.05.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Möller, Thomas; Klungerbo, Vibeke; Diab, Simone; Holmstrøm, Henrik; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Grindheim, Guro [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Circulatory Response to Rapid Volume Expansion and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Fontan Circulation. Pediatric Cardiology. ISSN 0172-0643. doi: 10.1007/s00246-021-02802-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Scott, Jessica M.; Thomas, Samantha M.; Herndon, James E.; Douglas, Pamela S.; Yu, Anthony F. & Rusch, Valerie [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Effects and tolerability of exercise therapy modality on cardiorespiratory fitness in lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 12(6), s. 1456–1465. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12828. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a cardinal feature of post-treatment primary lung cancer. The most effective exercise therapy regimen to improve CRF has not been determined. Methods: In this parallel-group factorial randomized controlled trial, lung cancer survivors with poor CRF (below age–sex sedentary values) were randomly allocated to receive 48 consecutive supervised sessions thrice weekly of (i) aerobic training (AT)—cycle ergometry at 55% to >95% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak); (ii) resistance training (RT)—lower and upper extremity exercises at 50–85% of maximal strength; (iii) combination training (CT)—AT plus RT; or (iv) stretching attention control (AC) for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in CRF (VO2peak, mL O2·kg−1·min−1). Secondary endpoints were body composition, muscle strength, patient-reported outcomes, tolerability (relative dose intensity of exercise), and safety. Analysis of covariance determined change in primary and secondary endpoints from baseline to post-intervention (Week 17) with adjustment for baseline values of the endpoint and other relevant clinical covariates. Results: Ninety patients (65 ± 9 years; 66% female) were randomized (AT, n = 24; RT, n = 23; CT, n = 20; and AC, n = 23) of the planned n = 160. No serious adverse events were observed. For the overall cohort, the lost-to-follow-up rate was 10%. Mean attendance was ≥75% in all groups. In intention-to-treat analysis, VO2peak increased 1.1 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 2.2, P = 0.04] and 1.4 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5, P = 0.02) in AT and CT, respectively, compared with AC. There was no difference in VO2peak change between RT and AC (−0.1 mL O2·kg−1·min−1, 95% CI: −1.2, 1.0, P = 0.88). Favourable improvements in maximal strength and body composition were observed in RT and CT groups compared with AT and AC groups (Ps < 0.05). No between-group changes were observed for any patient-reported outcomes. Relative dose intensity of exercise was lower in RT and CT compared with AT (Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: In the context of a smaller than planned sample size, AT and CT significantly improved VO2peak in lung cancer survivors; however, the tolerability-to-benefit ratio was superior for AT and hence may be the preferred modality to target impaired CRF in post-treatment lung cancer survivors.

• Ulvestad, Mariann; Godang, Kristin; Durheim, Michael; Kongerud, Johny S.; Lund, May-Brith & Bollerslev, Jens [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Effect of high-intensity training on bone health and body composition in lung transplant recipients: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Transplantation. ISSN 0902-0063. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14375. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Loss of bone mineral and skeletal muscle mass is common after lung transplantation (LTx), and physical activity (PA) may prevent further deterioration. We aimed to assess the effects of 20-week high-intensity training (HIT) on body composition, bone health, and PA in LTx recipients, 6–60 months after surgery. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 51 LTx recipients underwent Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and PA level and sedentary time were objectively recorded by accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Of these, 39 participants completed the study, including 19 participants in the HIT group and 20 participants in the standard care group. Results: Following the intervention, ANCOVA models revealed a nonsignificant between-group difference for change in lean body mass (LBM) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine of 0.4% (95% CI = −3.2, 1.5) (p = .464) and 1.0% (95% CI=−1.3, 3.4) (p = .373), respectively. Trabecular bone score (TBS) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), however, increased by 2.2 ± 5.0% in the exercise group and decreased by −1.6 ± 5.9% in the control group, giving a between-group difference of 3.8% (95% CI=0.1, 7.5) (p = .043). There were no between-group differences in PA or sedentary time. Conclusion: High-intensity training after LTx improved TBS significantly, but not PA, LBM or BMD.

• Myrdal, Ole Henrik; Diep, Phoi Phoi; Ruud, Ellen; Brinch, Lorentz; Massey, Richard J & Edvardsen, Elisabeth [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness in very long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a national cohort study. Supportive Care in Cancer. ISSN 0941-4355. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05644-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are at risk for cardiopulmonary adverse events. Data on long-term effects on cardiorespiratory fitness are limited. To address the gap in knowledge, we aimed to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and identify associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and clinical characteristics, self-reported physical activity, cardiac, and pulmonary function. Methods: In a nationwide, single-center cross-sectional study, 90 survivors [aged median (range) 35 (17–54) years, 56% females] were examined, 17 (6–26) years after allo-HSCT. Myeloablative conditioning comprised busulfan/cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide only. Methods included pulmonary function tests, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Results: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was found in 31% of the subjects, of whom 40% had bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Seventy-one percent of the survivors did not meet WHO recommendations for physical activity and 42% were overweight. Reduced gas diffusion (DLCO) and systolic ventricular dysfunction (LVEF) were found in 44% and 31%, respectively. For the group, mean (95% CI), V̇O2peak was 36.4 (34.7–38.0) mL/min/kg [89 (85–93)% of predicted]. V̇O2peak was low at 43%. Cardiopulmonary factors and deconditioning were equally common limitations for exercise. In a multiple linear regression model, low V̇O2peak was associated with low DLCO, low LVEF, BOS, overweight, and inactivity. Conclusion: Half of the survivors had reduced cardiorespiratory fitness median 17 years after allo-HSCT. Cardiopulmonary factors and deconditioning were equally common limitations to exercise. We encourage long-term cardiopulmonary monitoring of allo-HSCT survivors and targeted advice on modifiable lifestyle factors.

• Engan, Mette; Jansrud, Ida; Stensrud, Trine; Gundersen, Hilde; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Clemm, Hege Havstad (2020). Pust opp Stolzen. Norsk idrettsmedisin. ISSN 0806-9328.
• Torvanger, Ole; Os, Audun; Skjønsberg, Ole Henning & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2020). Cardiorespiratory fitness on a treadmill in an adult cystic fibrosis population. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 6(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000765. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: (1) To describe the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in an adult cystic fibrosis population related to sex and age, (2) to evaluate the cause of low CRF and (3) to study the association between peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Methods: A total of 204 cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise tests (CPETs) performed by 116 patients were included. VO2peak, gas exchange, heart rate, oxygen saturation and ventilatory variables were measured. A low CRF was defined as a VO2peak <80% of predicted, ventilatory limitation was defined as a breathing reserve <15%, exercise hypoxaemia was defined as an oxygen saturation <88% and ventilation-perfusion mismatch was defined as a minute ventilation/ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide slope ≥34. In patients who had performed three or more CPETs, the annual change in FEV1 and VO2peak were calculated using linear regression. Results: The VO2peak was 40.6±11.5 and 35.2±8.9 mL kg−1 min−1, which was 87±23 and 93±20 in percentage of predicted for men and women, respectively. VO2peak was moderately affected by age, for men (r=−0.36, p<0.001) and women (r=−0.53, p<0.001), respectively. In 45 of 101 tests where CRF was low, no cardiorespiratory limiting factors were identified. The correlation coefficient between VO2peak and FEV1 was r=0.64 (p<0.001). In participants with a low CRF, FEV1 ranged from 20% to 112% of predicted. Conclusions: The correlation between VO2peak and FEV1 was moderate. The majority of the tests resulted in a VO2peak within normal limits. Interestingly, 44% of the tests with a low VO2peak could be explained by deconditioning. Thus, exercise therapy may be beneficial for these patients.

• Thorsen, Lene; Haugnes, Hege Sagstuen; Fosså, Sophie Dorothea; Brydøy, Marianne; Tandstad, Torgrim & Wisløff, Torbjørn [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Thromboembolic events after high-intensity training duringcisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular cancer: Casereports and review of the literature. International Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0020-7136. 147(11), s. 3189–3198. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33151. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The randomized “Testicular cancer and Aerobic and Strength Training trial” (TAST‐trial) aimed to evaluate the effect of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness during cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (CBCT) for testicular cancer (TC). Here, we report on an unexpected high number of thromboembolic (TE) events among patients randomized to the intervention arm, and on a review of the literature on TE events in TC patients undergoing CBCT. Patients aged 18 to 60 years with a diagnosis of metastatic germ cell TC, planned for 3 to 4 CBCT cycles, were randomized to a 9 to 12 weeks exercise intervention, or to a single lifestyle counseling session. The exercise intervention included two weekly HIIT sessions, each with 2 to 4 intervals of 2 to 4 minutes at 85% to 95% of peak heart rate. The study was prematurely discontinued after inclusion of 19 of the planned 94 patients, with nine patients randomized to the intervention arm and 10 to the control arm. Three patients in the intervention arm developed TE complications; two with pulmonary embolism and one with myocardial infarction. All three patients had clinical stage IIA TC. No TE complications were observed among patients in the control arm. Our observations indicate that high‐intensity aerobic training during CBCT might increase the risk of TE events in TC patients, leading to premature closure of the TAST‐trial.

• Engan, Mette; Jansrud, Ida; Stensrud, Trine; Gundersen, Hilde; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Clemm, Hege Havstad (2020). Changes in pulmonary function and feasibility of portable continuous laryngoscopy during maximal uphill running. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 6(1), s. 1–6. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000815. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate changes in pulmonary function and feasibility of portable continuous laryngoscopy during maximal uphill running. Methods: Healthy volunteers participated in an uphill race. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained before and 5 and 10 min after finishing the race. Capillary blood lactate concentration ([BLa-]) and Borg score for perceived exertion were registered immediately after the race. One participant wore a portable video-laryngoscope during the race, and the video was assessed for technical performance. Results: Twenty adult subjects participated with a mean (SD) age of 40.2 (9.7) years. Mean (SD) race duration and post-exercise [BLa-] was 13.9 (2.3) min and 10.7 (2.1) mmol/L, respectively, and the median (range) Borg score for perceived exertion was 9 (5–10). Mean percentage change (95% CI) 5 and 10 min post-exercise in FEV1 were 6.9 (3.7 to 10.2) % and 5.9 (2.7 to 9.0) %, respectively, and in FVC 5.2 (2.3 to 8.1) % and 4.7 (1.6 to 7.9) %, respectively. The recorded video of the larynx was of good quality. Conclusions: Maximal aerobic field exercise induced bronchodilatation in the majority of the healthy non-asthmatic participants. It is feasible to perform continuous video-laryngoscopy during heavy uphill exercise.

• Ulvestad, Mariann; Durheim, Michael; Kongerud, Johny; Hansen, Bjørge Herman; Samersaw-Lund, May Brit & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2020). Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity following Lung Transplantation: A National Cohort Study. Respiration. ISSN 0025-7931. 99(4), s. 316–324. doi: 10.1159/000506883. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are common after lung transplantation (LTx). The causes of exercise intolerance are incompletely understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to objectively assess cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity, evaluate causes of exercise intolerance, and explore clinical factors associated with cardiorespiratory fitness after bilateral LTx (BLTx). Materials and Methods: Peak oxygen uptake (V∙O2peak) and exercise-limiting factors were evaluated by a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) 6–60 months after BLTx. Physical activity was measured with accelerometers, and results were compared with Norwegian normative data and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations for physical activity. Results: In 54 included BLTx recipients (mean age 50 ± 15 years, 50% females), V∙O2peak (mL × kg–1 × min–1) was 21.8 ± 7.7 for men and 22.4 ± 6.2 for women, corresponding to 57 ± 17 and 70 ± 12% of predicted, respectively. Three patients (6%) met criteria for normal V∙O2peak. Deconditioning limited V∙O2peak in 22 patients (41%), while ventilatory limitation and abnormal gas exchange were observed in 14 (26%) and 20 (37%) patients, respectively (some had more than 1 finding). Forty-three patients (86%) did not meet the WHO physical activity recommendations. There was a moderate correlation between V∙O2peak and physical activity (r = 0.642, p < 0.01). Body mass index, physical activity, forced expiratory volume after 1 second, sex, and hemoglobin together accounted for 73% of the variability in V∙O2peak. Conclusions: Low cardiorespiratory fitness was observed in the majority of BLTx recipients. Both deconditioning and cardiopulmonary limitations were common findings. Nearly 90% were classified as being inactive according to physical activity recommendations. CPET appears to identify a deconditioned subgroup of BLTx recipients for whom exercise training may be especially beneficial.

• Ulvestad, Mariann; Durheim, Michael; Kongerud, Johny; Samersaw-Lund, May Brit & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2020). Effect of high-intensity training on peak oxygen uptake and muscular strength after lung transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. ISSN 1053-2498. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Gerbi, Shlomi; Pollestad, Magnhild Louise & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2019). Do obese children achieve maximal heart rate during treadmill running? Sports. ISSN 2075-4663. 7(1). doi: 10.3390/sports7010026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mjøs, Ingunn; Thorsen, Einar; Hausken, Trygve; Lied, Einar; Nilsen, Roy Miodini & Brønstad, Ingeborg [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The effect of low dose marine protein hydrolysates on short-term recovery after high intensity performance cycling: A double-blinded crossover study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN). ISSN 1550-2783. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0318-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nilsson, Birgitta Blakstad; Bunæs-Næss, Heidi Agnor; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Stenehjem, Aud Eldrid (2019). High-intensity interval training in haemodialysis patients: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 5. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000617.
• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Selvaag, Anne Marit G; Dagfinrud, Hanne & Sanner, Helga (2019). Measurement properties and performance of an eight-minute submaximal treadmill test in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A controlled study. Pediatric Rheumatology. ISSN 1546-0096. 17. doi: 10.1186/s12969-019-0316-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is previously reported in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) measured both by maximal and submaximal exercise tests, but a submaximal exercise test with acceptable measurement properties is currently lacking for both clinical and research purposes in this patient population. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the measurement properties and performance of a submaximal treadmill test in patients with JIA, and to compare the results with those obtained in controls. Methods Fifty-nine patients (50 girls), aged 10–16 years, with oligo- (n = 30) and polyarticular (n = 29) JIA, and 59 age- and sex-matched controls performed an eight-minute submaximal treadmill test for estimating peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) followed by a maximal treadmill test measuring VO2peak directly. During the submaximal treadmill test, the study participants walked with no inclination at a speed between 3.2–7.2 km/h for four minutes, and then continued to walk at the same speed for four minutes with five % inclination. VO2peak was directly measured during a continuous graded exercise test on treadmill until exhaustion. Thirty-seven patients participated in the evaluation of the reliability. Criterion validity and reliability were evaluated with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC); measurement errors by Bland-Altman plot, standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change. Results In patients with JIA, the ICC (95% CI) for criterion validity was acceptable at group level 0.71 (0.51, 0.82), but not at individual level. The test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were acceptable at individual (0.84 (0.71, 0.91) and 0.92 (0.83, 0.96), respectively) and group levels (0.91 (0.83, 0.96) and 0.96 (0.91, 0.98), respectively). The measurement errors (for test-retest reliability/inter-rater reliability) were large. Bland-Altman plots showed no systematic differences, but a large variability for both the validity and reliability. The performance of and estimated VO2peak from the submaximal test were not associated with disease variables and were comparable between patients and controls. Conclusion The submaximal treadmill test is valid for use in patients with JIA on group level, but not on individual level. The reliability is acceptable. Due to large measurement errors, the submaximal treadmill test is not optimal for use in daily clinical practice to estimate VO2peak in individual patients.

• Berntsen, Kristin Schjander; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Flatø, Berit; Sjaastad, Ivar & Sanner, Helga (2019). Cardiorespiratory fitness in long-term juvenile dermatomyositis: A controlled, cross-sectional study of active/inactive disease. Rheumatology. ISSN 1462-0324. 58(3), s. 492–501. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key342. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives. To compare cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) expressed as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between patients with long-term JDM and controls and between patients with active and inactive disease, as well as to explore exercise limiting factors and associations between CRF and disease variables. Methods. JDM patients (n=45) and age- and gender-matched controls (n=45) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill until exhaustion. Physical activity was measured by accelerometers. Disease activity, damage and muscle strength/function were assessed by validated tools. Clinically inactive disease was defined according to PRINTO criteria. Results. The mean disease duration was 20.8 (S.D. 11.9) years and 29/45 (64%) patients had inactive disease. A low VO2max was found in 27% of patients vs 4% of controls (P = 0.006). The mean VO2max and maximal ventilation (VEmax) were lower in patients with active and inactive disease compared with controls. Patients with active disease also had lower maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) compared with controls and lower VEmax and MVV compared with those with inactive disease. Patients with inactive disease had lower physical activity levels compared with controls. VO2max correlated negatively with disease damage in patients with inactive disease and positively with muscle strength/function in patients with active disease. Conclusion. CRF was lower in JDM patients, both with active and inactive disease, compared with controls after a mean 20 years disease duration. Cardiopulmonary exercise test results suggested different limiting factors contributing to the reduced CRF according to disease activity, including deconditioning in inactive disease and reduced ventilatory capacity in active disease. Further research is needed to verify this.

• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Godang, Kristin; Selvaag, Anne Marit G; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Molberg, Øyvind [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Physical Fitness in Patients With Oligoarticular and Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis diagnosed in the era of biologics: A controlled cross-sectional study. Arthritis care & research. ISSN 2151-464X. 71(12), s. 1611–1620. doi: 10.1002/acr.23818.
• Vainshelboim, Baruch; Lima, Ricardo; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Myers, Jonathan (2018). Cardiorespiratory fitness, incidence and mortality of lung cancer in men: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. ISSN 1440-2440. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.10.002. Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: To evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality in men. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Maximal exercise testing was performed in 4920 men (59.2 ± 11.4 years) free from malignancy at baseline. Multivariate Cox hazard models adjusted for established cancer risk factors including smoking were analyzed for lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality among those who were diagnosed with lung cancer. Population attributable risks (PAR) of low CRF (<5 METs) were determined. Results: During 12.7 ± 7.5 years follow-up, 105 (2.1%) participants were diagnosed with lung cancer and 83 (79%) of those died from cancer after 3.6 ± 4.6 years from diagnosis. CRF was inversely and independently associated with cancer outcomes. A 1-MET increase and categories of moderate and high CRF were associated with 10%, 47% and 65% reduction in lung cancer incidence (p = 0.002), and 13%, 58% and 76% reduction in cancer mortality (p = 0.002), respectively. Also, individuals who were diagnosed with lung cancer and were at moderate or high CRF categories at baseline exhibited longer survival time (p < 0.001). The PARs% for lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality were 8.7% and 18.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Higher CRF is associated with lower lung cancer incidence in men. Among individuals who were diagnosed with lung cancer, higher CRF was associated with reduced cancer mortality and longer survival time. These results support the protective benefits of higher CRF in the prevention of lung cancer outcomes. Eliminating low CRF as a risk factor would potentially prevent considerable lung cancer morbidity and mortality.

• Myrdal, Ole Henrik; Kanellopoulos, Adriani; Christiansen, Jon Runar; Ruud, Ellen; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Kongerud, Johny [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Risk factors for impaired pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness in very long-term adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia after treatment with chemotherapy only*. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 57(5), s. 658–664. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2017.1423177. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of late treatment-related side-effects. Data regarding prevalence and risk factors for impairments in pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness are limited, and reported findings are inconsistent and inconclusive. Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 116 ALL survivors (median 5 years at diagnosis, 29 years at follow-up, 53% females) were examined, median 23 years after treatment with chemotherapy only. Individual cumulative doses of cytostatic agents were calculated. Methods included blood tests, echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and cardiorespiratory exercise test. Results: Females had lower % predicted gas diffusing capacity (DLCO) than males (mean [SD] 84 [13] versus 97 [14], p < .001). Impairment in DLCO was found in 34% females versus 7% males, p < .001. In a multiple linear regression model, female gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking were risk factors for reduced % predicted DLCO, with a borderline significant effect of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness was found in 42% of the survivors, with a borderline increased risk in females, p = .06. Smoking and BMI were risk factors for reduced % predicted VO2peak. Subjects exposed to anthracyclines had lower LVEF% and % predicted VO2peak than those not exposed, (mean [SD] 56.2 [4.3] versus 59.2 [5.2], p = .01 and 86.9 [18.4] versus 92.8 [18.4], p = .03, respectively). Conclusions: Impairments in pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness are common in very long-term survivors of childhood ALL. Risk factors are female gender, BMI and smoking. In order to preserve pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness, we suggest increased attention and targeted advice on modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, inactivity and overweight.

• Thorsen, Lene; Kirkegaard, Camilla; Loge, Jon Håvard; Kiserud, Cecilie E.; Johansen, Merethe Lia & Gjerset, Gunhild Maria [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Feasibility of a physical activity intervention during and shortly after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 10(214). doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2531-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2017). Waist circumference thresholds and cardiorespiratory fitness. Journal of Sport and Health Science. ISSN 2095-2546. 8(1), s. 17–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.03.011. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Akerø, Aina; Skjønsberg, Ole Henning & Skrede, Bjørn (2017). Pre-flight evaluation of adult patients with cystic fibrosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 10(84), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2386-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Air travel may imply a health hazard for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to hypobaric environment in the aircraft cabin. The objective was to identify pre-flight variables, which might predict severe hypoxaemia in adult CF patients during air travel. Methods: Thirty adult CF-patients underwent pre-flight evaluation with spirometry, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), pulse oximetry (SpO2) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at sea level (SL). The results were related to the PaO2 obtained during a hypoxia-altitude simulation test (HAST) in which a cabin altitude of 2438 m (8000 ft) was simulated by breathing 15.1% oxygen. Results: Four patients fulfilled the criteria for supplemental oxygen during air travel (PaO2 HAST < 6.6 kPa). While walking slowly during HAST, another eleven patients dropped below PaO2 HAST 6.6 kPa. Variables obtained during CPET (PaO2 CPET, SpO2 CPET, minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output, maximal oxygen uptake) showed the strongest correlation to PaO2 HAST. Conclusions: Exercise testing might be of value for predicting in-flight hypoxaemia and thus the need for supplemental oxygen during air travel in CF patients.

• Aadland, Eivind; Solbraa, Ane; Resaland, Geir Kåre; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Hansen, Bjørge Hermann [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Reference values for and cross-validation of time to exhaustion on a modified Balke protocol in Norwegian men and women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 27(11), s. 1248–1257. doi: 10.1111/sms.12750. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Bø, Kari (2016). Effect of regular exercise on blood pressure in normotensive pregnant women. A randomized controlled trial. Hypertension in Pregnancy. ISSN 1064-1955. 35(2), s. 170–180. doi: 10.3109/10641955.2015.1122036. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate the effect of regular exercise on maternal arterial blood pressure (BP) at rest and during uphill walking, in healthy former inactive pregnant women. Methods: A single-blind, single-center, randomized controlled trial including 61 out of 105 healthy, inactive nulliparous pregnant women, initially enrolled in a controlled trial studying the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (60 min 2/week) on maternal weight gain. Primary outcome was the mean adjusted difference in change in resting systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to after intervention. Secondary outcome was the mean adjusted difference in change in systolic BP during uphill treadmill walking at critical power. Measurements were performed prior to the intervention (gestation week 17.6 ± 4.2) and after the intervention (gestation week 36.5 ± 0.9). Results: At baseline, resting systolic and diastolic BP was 115/66 ± 12/7 and 115/67 ± 10/9 mmHg in the exercise (n = 35) and control group (n = 26), respectively. After the intervention, resting systolic BP was 112 ± 8 mmHg in the exercise group and 119 ± 14 mmHg in the control group, giving a between-group difference of 7.5 mmHg (95% CI 1.5 to 12.6, p = 0.013). Diastolic BP was 71 ± 9 and 76 ± 8 mmHg, with a between-group difference of 3.9 mmHg (95% CI −0.07 to 7.8, p = 0.054). During uphill treadmill walking at critical power, the between-group difference in systolic and diastolic BP was 5.9 mmHg (95% CI −4.4 to 16.1, p = 0.254) and 5.5 mmHg (95% CI –0.2 to 11.1, p = 0.059), respectively. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise reduced resting systolic BP in healthy former inactive pregnant women.

• Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Hansen, Bjørge Hermann (2016). Cardiorespiratory fitness in groups with different physical activity levels. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 26(3), s. 291–298. doi: 10.1111/sms.12425.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Borchsenius, Fredrik & Skjønsberg, Ole Henning (2015). Reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness after lung resection is not related to the number of lung segments removed. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 1(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000032.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Skjønsberg, Ole Henning; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Nordsletten, Lars; Borchsenius, Fredrik & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2015). High-intensity training following lung cancer surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. ISSN 0040-6376. 70(3), s. 244–250. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205944. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Many patients with lung cancer are deconditioned with poor physical fitness. Lung resection reduces physical fitness further, impairing the patient's ability to function in daily life. Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomised controlled trial of high-intensity endurance and strength training (60 min, three times a week, 20 weeks), starting 5–7 weeks after surgery. The control group received standard postoperative care. The primary outcome was the change in peak oxygen uptake measured directly during walking until exhaustion. Other outcomes included changes in pulmonary function, muscular strength by one-repetition maximum (1RM), total muscle mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, daily physical functioning and quality of life (QoL). Results: The intention-to-treat analysis of the 61 randomised patients showed that the exercise group had a greater increase in peak oxygen uptake (3.4 mL/kg/min between-group difference, p=0.002), carbon monoxide transfer factor (Tlco) (5.2% predicted, p=0.007), 1RM leg press (29.5 kg, p<0.001), chair stand (2.1 times p<0.001), stair run (4.3 steps, p=0.002) and total muscle mass (1.36 kg, p=0.012) compared with the controls. The mean±SD QoL (SF-36) physical component summary score was 51.8±5.5 and 43.3±11.3 (p=0.006), and the mental component summary score was 55.5±5.3 and 46.6±14.0 (p=0.015) in the exercise and control groups, respectively. Conclusions: In patients recently operated for lung cancer, high-intensity endurance and strength training was well tolerated and induced clinically significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake, Tlco, muscular strength, total muscle mass, functional fitness and QoL. This study may provide a basis for exercise therapy after lung cancer surgery.

• Byrkjeland, Rune; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Unhammer Njerve, Ida; Arnesen, Harald; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg & Solheim, Svein (2014). Insulin levels and HOMA index are associated with exercise capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome. ISSN 1758-5996. 6(1). doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-36.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hem, Erlend Jan & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2014). End criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake must be strict and adjusted to sex and age: a cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(1:e85276). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085276.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2013). Reference Values for Cardiorespiratory Response and Fitness on the Treadmill in a 20-to 85-Year-Old Population. Chest. ISSN 0012-3692. 144(1), s. 241–248. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-1458. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Existing reference values for clinical exercise testing have been derived from small nonrandom samples, lacking women and older individuals and some with poor or no maximal end criteria. The objective was to study the cardiorespiratory response during maximal exercise in a representative predominantly Caucasian sample of men and women. Methods: Nine hundred four randomly sampled men and women, 20 to 85 years old, exercised on a treadmill to exhaustion. Oxygen uptake (V . o2), heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentration, and ventilatory variables were measured. Results: Seven hundred fifty-nine participants met the criteria for an acceptable maximal V . o2 ( V . o2max) based on a respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.10 or a Borg score ≥ 17. In the 20- to 29-year-old age group, V . o2max (mL/kg/min) was 40.3 (± 7.1) in women and 48.6 (± 9.6) in men. A linear decline (8% per decade) was observed after age 30 years in both sexes. Maximal HR decreased with age by ± 6.3 beats/min per decade. The maximal oxygen pulse was 33% lower in women and decreased significantly with age in both sexes by 5% and 3% per decade for women and men, respectively. Women’s maximal ventilation was 66% that of men and decreased with age after 40 to 49 years in both sexes. Breathing reserve was higher and blood lactate was lower in women than in men. Conclusions: This study establishes reference values for V . o2max (absolute, relative to body weight and fat-free weight), maximal HR, oxygen pulse, BP, ventilation, breathing reserve, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration during maximal exercise on treadmill in a large population.

• Halvorsen, Silje; Haakstad, Lene Annette Hagen; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Bø, Kari (2013). Effect of aerobic dance on cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women: A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. ISSN 0031-9406. 99(1), s. 42–48. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2011.11.002. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic dance on cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Participants: Sixty-two primiparous women with a mean age of 30.6 [standard deviation (SD) 3.7] years randomised to exercise (n = 34) and (n = 28) control groups. Intervention: Two aerobic dance classes per week and 30 minutes of daily self-imposed physical activity for 12 weeks. Main outcome measure: Cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using a submaximal treadmill test to establish oxygen uptake (VO2) (ml/kg/minute) at three different levels of blood lactate. Levels 1, 2 and 3 were calculated and defined as 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mmol/l above resting blood lactate level, respectively. Results: The women in the exercise group attended a mean of 20 (SD 12) out of 24 aerobic dance classes. Both groups had a small significant decrease in VO2 between baseline and post-intervention: the exercise group decreased from 25.8 (SD 3.3) to 24.5 (SD 3.8) ml/kg/minute and the control group decreased from 25.8 (SD 3.1) to 24.5 (SD 2.5) ml/kg/minute at Level 3 (anaerobic threshold) (mean difference in change at Level 3 = 0.1, 95% confidence interval −1.4 to 1.7; P = 0.89). There were no differences in change between the groups at any level. Conclusion: A 12-week aerobic dance programme had no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women.

• Berntsen, Sveinung; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Pollestad, Magnhild Louise & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Effects of posture on lung function in obese children. Clinical Respiratory Journal. ISSN 1752-6981. 5(4), s. 252–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00227.x.
• Ariansen, Inger; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Borchsenius, Fredrik; Abdelnoor, Michael; Tveit, Arnljot & Gjesdal, Knut (2011). Lung function and dyspnea in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. 22(5), s. 466–470. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.06.010.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Ingjer, Frank & Bø, Kari (2011). Fit Women Are Not Able to Use the Whole Aerobic Capacity During Aerobic Dance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. ISSN 1064-8011. 25(12), s. 3479–3485. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182176748. Vis sammendrag

  This study compared the aerobic capacity during maximal aerobic dance and treadmill running in fit women. Thirteen well-trained female aerobic dance instructors aged 30 ± 8.17 years (mean ± SD) exercised to exhaustion by running on a treadmill for measurement of maximal oxygen uptake ([latin capital V with dot above]O2max) and peak heart rate (HRpeak). Additionally, all subjects performed aerobic dancing until exhaustion after a choreographed videotaped routine trying to reach the same HRpeak as during maximal running. The p value for statistical significance between running and aerobic dance was set to <=0.05. The results (mean ± SD) showed a lower [latin capital V with dot above]O2max in aerobic dance (52.2 ± 4.02 ml·kg-1·min-1) compared with treadmill running (55.9 ± 5.03 ml·kg-1·min-1) (p = 0.0003). Further, the mean ± SD HRpeak was 182 ± 9.15b·min-1 in aerobic dance and 192 ± 9.62 b·min-1 in treadmill running, giving no difference in oxygen pulse between the 2 exercise forms (p = 0.32). There was no difference in peak ventilation (aerobic dance: 108 ± 10.81 L·min-1 vs. running: 113 ± 11.49 L·min-1). In conclusion, aerobic dance does not seem to be able to use the whole aerobic capacity as in running. For well endurance-trained women, this may result in a lower total workload at maximal intensities. Aerobic dance may therefore not be as suitable as running during maximal intensities in well-trained females.

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• Larsson, Petra; Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl; Ursin, Marie Helene; Mack, Ulrich & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2023). Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness three months following stroke.
• Nilsen, Tormod Skogstad; Sæter, Mali; Sarvari, Sebastian; Reinertsen, Kristin Valborg; Johansen, Sara Hassing & Edvardsen, Elisabeth Rustad [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 12. doi: 10.2196/45244. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andries, Aristomo; Ørstavik, Kristin; Rueegg, Corina Silvia; Eng, Sindre; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Allen, Sara-Maria [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Polynevropati hos barnekreftoverlevere.
• Lie, Hanne Cathrine; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Rueegg, Corina Silvia; Raastad, Truls; Grydeland, May & Thorsen, Lene [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The Physical Activity and Fitness in Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) Study: Protocol for an International Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 11(3). doi: 10.2196/35838. Vis sammendrag

  Methods Results Discussion References Abbreviations Copyright Abstract Background: Survivors of childhood cancer represent a growing population with a long life expectancy but high risks of treatment-induced morbidity and premature mortality. Regular physical activity (PA) may improve their long-term health; however, high-quality empirical knowledge is sparse. Objective: The Physical Activity and Fitness in Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) study comprises 4 work packages (WPs) aiming for the objective determination of PA and self-reported health behavior, fatigue, and quality of life (WP 1); physical fitness determination (WP 2); the evaluation of barriers to and facilitators of PA (WP 1 and 3); and the feasibility testing of an intervention to increase PA and physical fitness (WP 4). Methods: The PACCS study will use a mixed methods design, combining patient-reported outcome measures and objective clinical and physiological assessments with qualitative data gathering methods. A total of 500 survivors of childhood cancer aged 9 to 18 years with ≥1 year after treatment completion will be recruited in follow-up care clinics in Norway, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Switzerland. All participants will participate in WP 1, of which approximately 150, 40, and 30 will be recruited to WP 2, WP3, and WP 4, respectively. The reference material for WP 1 is available from existing studies, whereas WP 2 will recruit healthy controls. PA levels will be measured using ActiGraph accelerometers and self-reports. Validated questionnaires will be used to assess health behaviors, fatigue, and quality of life. Physical fitness will be measured by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, isometric muscle strength tests, and muscle power and endurance tests. Limiting factors will be identified via neurological, pulmonary, and cardiac evaluations and the assessment of body composition and muscle size. Semistructured, qualitative interviews, analyzed using systematic text condensation, will identify the perceived barriers to and facilitators of PA for survivors of childhood cancer. In WP 4, we will evaluate the feasibility of a 6-month personalized PA intervention with the involvement of local structures. Results: Ethical approvals have been secured at all participating sites (Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics [2016/953 and 2018/739]; the Oslo University Hospital Data Protection Officer; equivalent institutions in Finland, Denmark [file H-19032270], Germany, and Switzerland [Ethics Committee of Northwestern and Central Switzerland, project ID: 2019-00410]). Data collection for WP 1 to 3 is complete. This will be completed by July 2022 for WP 4. Several publications are already in preparation, and 2 have been published. Conclusions: The PACCS study will generate high-quality knowledge that will contribute to the development of an evidence-based PA intervention for young survivors of childhood cancer to improve their long-term care and health. We will identify physiological, psychological, and social barriers to PA that can be targeted in interventions with immediate benefits for young survivors of childhood cancer in need of rehabilitation.

• Larsson, Petra; Skogestad, Ingrid Johansen; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Gay, Caryl; Ursin, Marie Helene & Mack, Ulrich [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Association between fatigue and physical fitness three months after stroke.
• Scott, Jessica M.; Stene, Guro Birgitte; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Jones, Lee W. (2020). Performance status in cancer: Not broken, but time for an upgrade? Journal of Clinical Oncology. ISSN 0732-183X. 38(25), s. 2824–2829. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00721.
• Mjøs, Ingunn; Thorsen, Einar; Hausken, Trygve; Lied, Einar; Nilsen, Roy Miodini & Brønstad, Ingeborg [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Correction: The effect of low dose marine protein hydrolysates on short-term recovery after high intensity performance cycling: A double-blinded crossover study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN). ISSN 1550-2783. 17. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0324-5.
• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Selvaag, Anne Marit; Molberg, Øyvind; Dagfinrud, Hanne & Sanner, Helga (2018). Kardiorspiratorisk form hos pasienter med juvenile idiopatisk artritt- en kontrollert tverrsnittsstudie.
• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Selvaag, Anne Marit; Molberg, Øyvind; Dagfinrud, Hanne & Sanner, Helga (2018). Criterion validity and reliability of a submaximal treadmill test in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.
• torvanger, ole; Os, Audun; Skjønsberg, Ole Henning & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2018). Cardiorespiratory Fitness on a Treadmill in an adult Norwegian Cystic Fibrosis Population .
• Jensenius, Alexander Refsum; Sparbo, Njål; Sen, Sagar & Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2018). Breath, breathing and the sensing of breathing.
• Risum, Kristine; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Selvaag, Anne Marit; Molberg, Øyvind; Dagfinrud, Hanne & Sanner, Helga (2016). Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated in the Biological Era is Comparable with Controls: a Cross-Sectional Study.
• Husøy, Anders; Bettum, Tora J; Frydenberg, Hanne; Lofterød, Trygve; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Fjeldheim, Frøydis Nyborg [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Physical exercise in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients may counteract a decrease in cardiovascular capacity during adjuvant treatment .
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Kolsgaard, Magnhild & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2014). Do obese children achieve maximal heart rate during treadmill running?
• Frydenberg, Hanne; Bettum, Tora J; Lofterøed, Trygve; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Flote, Vidar Gordon & Finstad, Sissi Espetvedt [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) before, during and after adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients.
• Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Edvardsen, Elisabeth & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2014). Self-reported physical activity and differences in maximal oxygen uptake, waist circumference and accelerometer-measured physical activity.
• Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Holme, Ingar Morten K & Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal (2014). Response. Chest. ISSN 0012-3692. 146(1), s. e30–e31. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-0712.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2013). Reference Values For Anaerobic Threshold And VE/VCO2 Slope On The Treadmill In A 20-85-year-old Population. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 45(5), s. 574–574.
• Dyrstad, Sindre Mikal; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2012). Relationship between self-reported physical activity, objectively measured physical activity and physical fitness.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2012). Classical End-criteria With Impact On Maximal Oxygen Uptake In A Population. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 44, s. 292–292.
• Edvardsen, Elisabeth (2015). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in health and disease: cardiorespiratory fitness in adults in Norway and in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery. Norges idrettshøgskole. ISSN 978-82-502-0522-2.

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