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Køber, Petter Kristian; Fasting, Kari & Strand, Kari Røren
(2019).
Anbefalt metode for kartlegging av mobbing og seksuell trakassering i Forsvaret.
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Køber, Petter Kristian & Fasting, Kari
(2019).
A Method for Measuring Bullying and Sexual Harassment in the Norwegian Armed Forces.
Vis sammendrag
The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) has supported the Norwegian Armed Forces in the development of two questionnaires, one measuring bullying and one measuring sexual harassment. The questionnaires are based on a behavioural list approach and designed specifically for a Norwegian military context.
We have used statistical methods in order to create valid and reliable questionnaires based on a pilot study with 8,805 respondents from the Norwegian Armed Forces. The respondents included civilian and military employees and military conscripts. In the pilot study, we had included 60 questions, based on an extensive literature study, a workshop with a focus group and testing on a small group of military personnel. With the help of Principal Component Analysis on the data set of responses from the pilot study and qualitative judgment, we reduced the number of questions and identified the principal components, both for bullying and sexual harassment. We have also explored different scoring procedures with the data set from the pilot study, both for the complete scales and for the different components.
The recommended questionnaire for measuring bullying consists of 17 questions divided into 5 different components. The reliability of the questionnaire is good for both men and women, based on Cronbach’s alpha. The recommended questionnaire for measuring sexual harassment consists of 15 questions divided into 4 different components. The reliability of the questionnaire is satisfactory for men and good for women, based on Cronbach’s alpha.
The two questionnaires provide the Norwegian Armed Forces with a useful and reliable tool for measuring bullying and sexual harassment in the organization.
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Fasting, Kari; Sisjord, Mari-Kristin & Sand, Trond Svela
(2018).
Female elite coaches in a man's world.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2015).
Peer Reviews and Peer Rankings in Norwegian Officer Candidate Education.
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Stornæs, Annett Victoria & Fasting, Kari
(2015).
Are we on the right track in our selection of women and men for Officer Candidate School?
Military Women-The Achilles Heel in Defence Politics?.
Abstrakt forlag.
ISSN 978-82-7935-370-6.
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Fasting, Kari
(2015).
safeguarding children: The role of the coach.
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Engebretsen, Lars & Fasting, Kari
(2013).
Om IOC’s arbeid for å forebygge overgrep i idretten.
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Fasting, Kari
(2013).
Preventing sexual harassment and abuse in sport - the Norwegian perspective.
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Fasting, Kari
(2013).
Seksuell trakassering og overgrep i norsk idrett.
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Fasting, Kari
(2013).
Kvinnekamp i norsk idrett - ett tilbakeblikk.
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Fasting, Kari & Sand, Trond Svela
(2013).
Gender in Top level Coaching Roles: Presentation of an On-going Research Project.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Uklare regler for professoroppykk.
[Internett].
Nyhetsbrev fra Ressursbank for likestilling i forskning.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Sexual harassment, Violence & Abuse in Sport. "What do we know"?
Vis sammendrag
In recognition of research evidence and athlete testimonies of sexual harassment and abuse (SHA) in sport, an expert panel was brought together by the IOC Medical Commission in 2006 to examine this problem. The group prepared a Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse (SHA) that defined the issues and identified a set of recommendations about policy and practice to both prevent and to manage the problem within sport organisations. The resulting Consensus Statement was published by the IOC Executive Board in Feb 2007.
Following its dissemination, the IOC Medical Commission sought to develop practical measures by which SHA could be prevented. The work was divided into two phases. The first phase, targetted at child athletes (under 18), was delivered through a set of on-line materials used by participants at the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in Singapore August 2010. The materials were based on an extensive review of research and policy within and beyond sport: key messages were then converted by an IT company into age-appropriate, direct access, on-line messaging. Users at the YOG were supported on-site by qualified counsellors. Back up materials were posted on the IOC website for those who wished to learn more.
The second phase of the SHA project, being presented here, was divided into two parts: the first focusses on the actions that sports organisations should take to prevent sexual harassment and abuse in sport. The education tool defines the nature of the problem and the actions that international and national sports bodies and federations can take to prevent it. It describes the key policies, procedures and practices that all organisations should put in place and provides links to key resources and examples of best practice to support development and implementation.
The second part of the Phase 2 work focusses on how adult athletes (over 18) and coaches can protect themselves from SHA in a sport context. It defines the nature of the problem and the actions that coaches and adult athletes should take if they have concerns. The focus for athletes is on age-appropriate education to facilitate understanding of the types of SHA in sport, the identification of risks and tools to manage these risks. Preventative coaching strategies are addressed using practical scenarios. Athletes and coaches are made aware of their responsibilities for SHA prevention and reporting as part of their wider ethical, civic and professional roles.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Global trends in advancing gender issues in sport.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
How gender balanced leadership in Sport can be supported at the European and International levels.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
What do we know about sexual harassment and abuse in Europe.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
The Meaning of Sports for Women.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Seksuell trakassereing og overgrep i idretten. Fra forskning til Forebyggin.
Vis sammendrag
Forskning har de siste ti-årene avdekket at seksuell trakassering og overgrep også foregår i idretten. Denne forskningen har ført til at både NIF og IOC har utarbeidet tiltak for å forebygge seksuell trakassering og overgrep. Først presenteres definisjoner, hvor maktaspektet spesielt fremheves. Deretter gis en kort kunnskaps status om omfang og konsekvenser av seksuell trakassering og overgrep. Videre vil NIF’s retningslinjer mot seksuell trakassering og overgrep i idretten som ble vedtatt av Idrettsstyret i september 2010 bli presentert.
Basert på et ekspert seminar i 2006 i Lausanne vedtok IOC i allerede 2007 «Concentus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse. Allerede året etter oppnevnte IOC en ekspert gruppe som fikk i oppdrag å utarbeide flere interaktive utdanningsprogrammer basert på den kunnskapen/forskningen man hadde om seksuell trakassering og overgrep i idretten: ett for utøvere under 17 år, ett for trenere og voksne utøvere og ett for idrettsorganisasjoner. Disse programmene som bruker profesjonelle skuespillere, ble ferdige våren 2012, og presentert på ungdoms OL i Innsbruck og ved den pre-olympiske kongressen i Glasgow. Foredraget avslutter med en presentasjon av forskernes rolle i utarbeidelsen av programmene , samt en demonstrasjon av den interaktive delen.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Om seksuell trakassering og overgrep.
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Stornæs, Annett V. & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Seleksjon av kvinner og menn til befalsutdanning 2007 - 2011.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Sexual harassment and abuse study among Norwegian female athletes,
Prevention of sexual and gender harassment and abuse in sports : initiatives in Europe and beyond.
Deutsche Sportjugend im Deutschen Olympischen Sportbund.
s. 19–21.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Intervju , Nyhetsprogram.
[Radio].
NRK.
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Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Lunchgjest i NRK.
[Radio].
NRK.
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Fasting, Kari & Sand, Trond Svela
(2012).
Maskulinitetskulturer i Forsvaret.
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Sand, Trond Svela & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Soldier identity and the meaning of masculinities in the Norwegian Armed Forces.
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Sand, Trond Svela & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Military male gender traditions: A barrier for retaining female personnel?
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Fasting, Kari & Sand, Trond Svela
(2012).
Partiene må jobbe med forebygging.
Dagbladet.
ISSN 0805-3766.
s. 44–45.
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Hervik, Stein Egil & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Social differences and the meaning of physical activity, body and health.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
The Norwegian military: From Bildung of Men with character and polar heroes to champions in gender equality - What are the consequences for women?
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Fjogstad, Tonje & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Breakdance - that's me! Identity construction among young breakdancers.
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Fjogstad, Tonje & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Breakdance - that`s me! Identity construction among young breakdancers.
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Fjogstad, Tonje & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Breakdance - that`s me! Gender construction among young male breakdancers.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Military cultures, identities, body and gender - some preliminary results.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Military Masculinities and Relationships among them.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2012).
Om å bli og om å være militær. En sosiologisk analyse av kulturer, identiteter, kropp og kjønn i Det norske forsvaret.
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Sand, Trond Svela; Fasting, Kari & Stornæs, Annett V.
(2011).
Women's and men's reasons for enrolment to the Norwegian officer candidate schools.
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Fasting, Kari & Sand, Trond Svela
(2011).
Why doesn’t Norway manage to increase the number of women in the military?
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Sand, Trond Svela & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Gender issues in military research in the Scandinavian countries.
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Stornæs, Annett Victoria & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Selection of women and men into The Norwegian Officer Candidate Schools - Barriers and boosts.
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Stornæs, Annett Victoria & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Recruiting Women into the Norwegian Armed Forces Officer Candidate Schools.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Seeking the best military leader, or seeking the best sportsman?Findings from the Norwegian Officer Candidate Schools Study 2010.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
“When they [women] failed to contribute and was only an obstacle, everybody started to dislike them".
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2010).
Military identities, body and gender: A sociological analysis of cultures within the Norwegian Armed Forces.
Moving soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse.
ISSN 1891-8751.
s. 52–52.
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Fasting, Kari & Brackenridge, Celia
(2010).
An Analysis of Norwegian Court Reports of Sexual Abuse in Sport.
Vis sammendrag
One of the most difficult challenges facing researchers of sexual abuse is to gain access to data, and very few studies have been undertaken that focus on sexual abuse case data in sport. The project presented here analyzed court reports which present a verified factual account of events that research interviews or media reports cannot do. The following questions were investigated: 1) What characterized the perpetrators who were sentenced for sexual abuse in a sport setting, and 2) What were the dynamics of the power relationships between the perpetrators and the victims? Different search words related to sport were used in examining the Norwegian legal database from 1940-2007. A total of 15 cases of sexual abuse in sport were found. The written court reports were entered into MAXQDA 2007, a qualitative data analysis program. The results showed that all the perpetrators were men, 19 to 56 years of age, but it was not possible to identify ?one profile? among the perpetrators. The power dynamics that were found between the perpetrator and the victim were adult, expert, position, economic, charismatic and gender power. The discussion focused on gender power, risk factors and prevention of sexual abuse in sport.
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Fasting, Kari; Sand, Trond Svela & Sisjord, Mari Kristin
(2010).
Equality, Equity and Diversty in Norwegian Sports.
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Introduction This paper presents some results from a project about the current state of equality within Norwegian sports and fitness activities, especially with regard to gender. The project was initiated by The Norwegian Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombud, and carried out by a research group at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. The results discussed in this paper answered the following two main questions: How are women and men represented in Norwegian sport with regard to participation in executive boards in the different sport associations and as top level coaches? To what extent is work being done at the various organizational levels to create a better gender balance among leaders and coaches? Methods Representatives from 24 individual sport associations, 6 regional confederations and 43 clubs were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with MAXQDA 2007, a qualitative data analysis program. Results The findings showed that there were large differences between the number of female coaches (8.3%) and the number of female executive board members (37 %) and female presidents (17.9 %) in the different sport associations. Several national associations had implemented special measures to recruit more women, but the Football Association distinguished itself as the sport that worked most systematically, and with the most clearly defined goals, both with respect to recruitment of female coaches and leaders. As regards measures to recruit female coaches, two associations (Tennis and Basket) display an awareness of the fact that boys/men and girls/women are different and that this should be taken into account in order to get increased recruitment. This could lead to a change in the culture, which was a goal that the Powder Puff Girls project in the Snowboard Association also was working towards. Discussion The results are discussed in relation to strategies for change and/or lack of such, which has been implemented in Norwegian sport particular in relation to the concepts of equity and equality. Equality is defined as ?treating persons the same?, and equity as ?giving all persons fair access to social resources, while recognizing that they may well have different needs and interests? (Kidd & Donnelly 2000). To fulfill the fairness goals of gender equity in sport it is necessary to have equality of access, recognize inequalities then take steps to address them. But since equality in sport still does not exist, equity is required to ensure that sport becomes equally accessible to everyone in society--according to Sport England (2000). Sport England (2000) Making English Sport Inclusive: Equity guidelines for governing bodies. London, Sport England Kidd, B. & Donnelly, P. (2000) Human Rights in Sports, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 35(2), 131-148
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Fasting, Kari
(2010).
Challanges and strategies for women in sport leadership.
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Fasting, Kari
(2010).
Sexual Harassment and Abuse.
Vis sammendrag
The presentation focuses on the fact that we have very little empirical research on sexual harassment and abuse, particular about children, i.e. boys and girls up to 18 year of age. Some of the available studies of athletes however do also include youth, age 15-17 years, and in some studies adult athletes tell about abuse that they experienced when they were younger. Almost all knowledge in the field is about girls, and there is a large need for research on boys. Most of the research is about prevalence, but some knowledge exists about the perpetrator, the grooming process, the response to and consequences of sexual harassment and abuse for young athletes. At last but not least, the importance of monitoring preventive educational programs and action plans are stressed.
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Fasting, Kari
(2010).
Sport, Gender and Sexual Harassment.
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Fasting, Kari
(2010).
Attacking sexual harassment and abuse in sport.
Vis sammendrag
This presentation focuses on sexual harassment and abuse in sport. In the first part the definitions of gender, sexual harassment and abuse are explained. It is shown that there are overlaps between these behaviours though all can be defined as violence against women. Though these definitions may vary, central to most definitions is that the behaviour experienced is unwanted or threatening, troublesome, insulting or offensive. Studies also show that such behaviours may have detrimental effects on girl?s and women?s lives, not only in sport but also in general. The study of the UN Secretary General: ?Ending Violence Against Women. From words to action? (2006), showed that 90 states have some form of legislative provision against sexual harassment. In the presentation Norway is used as a case study, both in relation to legislation, and in relation to the understanding of the different types of sexual violence against women. As an example of sexual harassment the story of the Norwegian skating coach, who was sacked because of verbal harassment just before the Vancouver Olympic Games, is presented. Additionally, results from a study of criminal court reports connected to sport give examples of abuse cases in sport. In the second part of the paper the question: What do we know about prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse in sport, is answered. There are few studies in sport and they are difficult to compare due to different methodologies. Experiences of sexual harassment in sport among female athletes seem to vary from 19 to 57 %. The third part of the paper focuses on prevention. Examples are given for the national as well as the international level. The work of WomenSport International and the International Olympic Committee end the presentation. It is a hope that the projects that IOC is developing should have worldwide impact.
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Brackenridge, Celia; Fasting, Kari; Kirby, Sandra; Leahy, Trisha; Parent, Sylvie & Sand, Trond Svela
(2010).
The Place of Sport in the UN Study on Violence against Children.
?.
Vis sammendrag
This paper presents a secondary analysis of supporting documents from the UN Study on Violence against Children. The purpose of the analysis is to identify sport-related material in the documents and gaps in research knowledge about the role of sport in both preventing and facilitating violence against children. This is a complementary document to the IRC study ?Protecting Children from Violence in Sport: A review with a focus on industrialized countries? (forthcoming in 2010), developed by the same research team. Content analysis was undertaken on material archived for the UN Study, including submissions by UN agencies and non-governmental organizations on research relating to violence against children, and on the country surveys that had been returned by governments as part of the UN Study consultation. A list of search terms was established and each selected text or survey was searched against them. On the basis of these analyses, several key conclusions emerged. First, there is a marked absence of empirical data about the forms, prevalence and incidence of violence to children in sport and about the best mechanisms for preventing or resolving such problems. Second, there is a lack of coordination between governments and sport NGOs on the subject of violence against children in sport, and there appears to be no evidence of a functional link between the agencies responsible for sport for development and those responsible for prevention of violence to children. The findings point to the need to do more, targeted research on violence against children in sport and to assess the efficacy of sport as a tool of violence prevention. Since countries approach the matter of violence to children in many different ways, the establishment of international standards for safeguarding children and for violence prevention in sport is recommended
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Rones, Nina; Fasting, Kari; Sand, Trond Svela & Køber, Petter Kristian
(2017).
Metodeutvikling for kartlegging av mobbing og seksuell trakassering i Forsvaret, FFI-rapport 17/16767.
Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt.
ISSN 978-82-464-2980-9.
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Fasting, Kari; Huffman, Diane & Sand, Trond Svela
(2014).
Gender, Participation and leadership in sport in southern Africa: A baseline study.
The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports.
ISSN 978-82-7286-244-1.
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Chroni, Stilani; Fasting, Kari; Hartill, Mike; Knorre, Nada; Martin, Montserrat & Papaefstathiou, Maria
[Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2012).
Prevention of sexual and gender harassment and abuse in sports : initiatives in Europe and beyond.
Deutsche Sportjugend im Deutschen Olympischen Sportbund.
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Fasting, Kari & Sand, Trond Svela
(2012).
Flere kvinner i Forsvaret? Tiltak for å øke kvinneandelen i Forsvaret. Delrapport 2.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
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Stornæs, Annett Victoria & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Befalsskolestudien - Felles Opptak og Seleksjon 2010 - En spørreundersøkelse blant kvinnelige og mannlige kandidater under seleksjonsperioden.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
Vis sammendrag
Befalsskolestudien – Felles Opptak og Seleksjon 2010 har hatt til hensikt å undersøke hvilke faktorer som kan være med å hemme og fremme opptak til Forsvarets skoler. Metodisk har studien bestått av en spørreundersøkelse og et kvalitativt feltarbeid (Rones og Fasting, 2011).
Denne rapporten omhandler spørreundersøkelsen og har til hensikt å gi et innblikk i og en beskrivelse av likheter og forskjeller mellom kvinnelige og mannlige deltakere som har søkt utdanning i Forsvaret og som er på opptaksprøver, herunder de deltakerne som ble tatt opp på skole og som falt fra under FOS.
Utvalget i studien utgjør 70 % (n=1051) av alle kandidatene på FOS. Totalt er det 920 mannlige og 131 kvinnelige deltakere med i studien.
Resultatene fra studien avdekker kjønnsforskjeller. Særlig ser vi forskjeller mellom kjønnene i forhold til når de faller fra i løpet av seleksjonsperioden, og på årsakene til frafall i opptaksuken og i aspirantperioden. Det ble også funnet forskjeller mellom kvinner og menns svar på noen av de ulike spørsmålene i spørreundersøkelsen (“rangering av egen fysiske yteevne”, “interesse for videre jobb i Forsvaret”, “syn på kvinnelige befal”, syn på hvem som passer inn som elever på Forsvarets skoler”).
Befalsskolestudiens hovedproblemstilling var “Hvilke faktorer synes å bidra til å hemme eller fremme kvinnelige og mannlige kandidaters muligheter for opptak til Forsvarets skoler under Felles opptak og seleksjon?” Ut fra denne problemstillingen vil vi trekke fram fire forhold fra funnene i studien som kan indikere å ha bidratt til å hemme kvinnelige deltakere i større grad enn mannlige deltakeres muligheter for opptak til Forsvarets skoler. Disse er: “Fysiske tester”, “psykologiske prøver”, “offisersvurdering” og “rangering av egen fysiske yteevne under feltøvelsen”. Motsatt vil man kunne trekke fram at de mannlige deltakernes større tro på egne fysiske evner gjennom “rangering av egen fysiske yteevne under feltøvelsen” kan bidra til å fremme deres muligheter for opptak. Det kan også se ut til at det å ha en far med befals- og eller
krigsskoleutdanning kan ha en viss betydning ved at dette fremmer særlige kvinnelige deltakeres, men også mannlige deltakeres, muligheter for opptak til Forsvarets skoler.
Disse faktorene som er trukket fram i forhold til om de hemmer eller fremmer kandidatenes muligheter for opptak til skolene må tolkes med forsiktighet. Funnene fra studien viser imidlertid noen tendenser til at det er faktorer som kan ha innvirkning for kvinner og menns muligheter for opptak til Forsvarets skoler.
I rapporten viser vi til tidligere opptak, og dataene som omhandler årsaker til frafall fra FOS i perioden 2007-2009 viser at andelen som faller fra på grunn av de fysiske testene, de psykologiske prøvene og offisersvurderingen ikke er stabil fra år til år. Det vil derfor være betydningsfullt å følge opptakene til Forsvarets skoler videre for å se om denne tendensen endrer seg over tid. Når vi ser på de tidligere opptakene er det imidlertid en klar tendens til at det relativt sett er flere blant kvinnene som faller fra på grunn av fysiske tester enn blant menn.
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Rones, Nina & Fasting, Kari
(2011).
Befalsskolestudien - Felles Opptak og Seleksjon 2010. Hva skjer i felt(et)?
Norges idrettshøgskole.
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