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Leirhaug, Petter Erik; Eide, Lars Harald & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2021).
Profesjonalitet hos lærere i kroppsøving og idrettsfag ved skolenedstengingen 12. mars 2020.
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Leirhaug, Petter Erik; Eide, Lars Harald & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2021).
Profesjonalitet hos lærere i kroppsøving og idrettsfag ved skolenedstengingen 12. mars 2020.
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Mikalsen, Hilde Kristin; Lagestad, Pål Arild; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2019).
Does eagerness for physical activity matter?
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Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2019).
Development of positive emotions in physical education in association with motivation: A person-centered approach
.
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Nerstad, Christina G. L.; Buch, Robert & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2019).
Goal Orientation and Perceived Motivational Climate: A Longitudinal Perspective.
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Åvitsland, Andreas; Säfvenbom, Reidar; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland; Kolle, Elin; Resaland, Geir Kåre & Berntsen, Sveinung
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
A new approach to school time physical activity: The "Don't worry, be happy" intervention model.
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Erdvik, Irina Burchard; Haugen, Tommy; Ivarsson, Andreas & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2018).
Utvikling av grunnleggende psykologisk behovstilfredsstillelse i kroppsøving: Effekter av en toårig intervensjon.
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Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2017).
Enhanced understanding of differences in development of positive emotions among adoescents in physical education over 3-years: A person-centered approach.
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Erdvik, Irina Burchard; Haugen, Tommy; Ivarsson, Andreas & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2017).
Development of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Education: Effects from a two-year intervention.
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Løvoll, Helga Synnevåg; Bentzen, Marte & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2017).
Gutter har mer positive følelser i kroppsøving enn jenter.
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Erdvik, Irina Burchard; Säfvenbom, Reidar; Husebye, Birgitte Nordahl & Moen, Kjersti Mordal
(2016).
Elevers erfaringer med interessebasert kroppsøving: En kvalitativ studie
.
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Erdvik, Irina Burchard; Haugen, Tommy & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2015).
Self-worth among adolescents: The contribution of need satisfaction in Physical Education and other movement contexts
.
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Erdvik, Irina Burchard; Haugen, Tommy & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2015).
Selvaktelse blant ungdom: Betydningen av å få tilfredsstilt grunnleggende psykologiske behov kroppsøving og to andre bevegelseskontekster.
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Næss, Harald Solhaug & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2014).
Går det an å lære å like å løpe?
Kroppsøving.
ISSN 0333-0141.
64(1),
s. 8–9.
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Keinanen, Mia O. & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2012).
Learning skills through YouTube and Social Media.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2012).
Flere glade 15-åringer i bevegelse? Behovet for positive ungdomsutviklingsmodeller framfor medisinske mangelmodeller.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2012).
La de unge lede oss ut i fristelse. Om fritid, positiv ungdomsutvikling og det gode liv.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2012).
What’s in it for me? Lifestyle sports and positive youth development.
Vis sammendrag
As an extension of relational developmental systems theories on human development (Overton, 2010), theories on Positive Youth Development (PYD) have grown during the last decade (Lerner, et al., 2011). PYD-theory is concerned about outcome variables indicating thriving adolescents, yet first of all emphasizes the developmental process in terms of developmental regulation across ontogeny, integrated actions, relative plasticity, and thus optimism. According to the theory, the potential for plasticity at both individual and contextual levels constitutes a fundamental strength of all human’s development (Silbereisen & Lerner, 2007).
Based on in-depth interviews with three young lifestyle activity practitioners (longboarding, tricking and skydiving) and their experiences from both organized, traditional sports promoted by local sports clubs and more-or-less self-organized lifestyle activities, lifestyle activity contexts are discussed as developmental assets for youth. According to the adolescents’ reflections on the magnitude of relative plasticity in traditional sports versus lifestyle sports, it is argued that traditional sports and lifestyle sports reveal adolescents’ potentials differently, and that traditional sports often conceal more than they reveal about human potential. The paper claims that (1) if policy makers are concerned with improving life chances (e.g. lifetime activity alignment) of diverse youth, youth has to be viewed as resources to be developed and not as problems to be managed (Silbereisen & Lerner 2007: 7) and (2) if we really want to see more happy adolescents involved in movement activities, contexts based on non-traditional, new, explorative, lifestyle activities should be supported and funded at the same level as traditional sports (Säfvenbom et al., in rev).
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Solhaug Næss, Harald; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Førland Standal, Øyvind
(2012).
Er det mulig å lære å like å løpe?
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Bulie, Marte; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Haugen, Tommy
(2012).
Motivasjon for fysisk aktivitet. Hvilken rolle spiller aktivitetskontekstene?
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2012).
Positiv ungdomsutvikling, livsstilaktiviteter og kroppsøving.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar; Bulie, Marte & Haugen, Tommy
(2012).
Trivsel og motivasjon i kroppsøvingstimen. Hvorfor hater Lise gym?
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Keinänen, Mia & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2011).
Learning a Physical Skill through Informal Peer-to-Peer Learning Online. A case of self-organized lifestyle sports youth group in Oslo Norway.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2011).
What's in it for me? Modern youth and their thoughts about serving their country.
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Aandstad, Anders; Sookermany, Anders McD & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2010).
The Cadet Development Study - A longitudinal interdisciplinary study on Norwegian cadets.
Moving soldiers - Soldaten i bevegelse.
ISSN 1891-8751.
s. 55–55.
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Aandstad, Anders; Sookermany, Anders McD & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2010).
The cadet development study - A longitudinal interdisiciplinary study on Nowregian cadets.
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Aandstad, Anders; Hageberg, Rune & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2008).
Change in physical fitness in male military cadets during first year attendance at the Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2008).
Å takle tiden som er til overs.
Aktuelt for kriminalomsorgen.
ISSN 0803-6438.
s. 3–6.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar & Engelsrud, Gunn
(2008).
Gutter og jenter sammen i gym.
?.
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Miller, Blake W.; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Sookermany, Anders McD
(2006).
Depressive symptoms, physical activity, and active military personnel: A self-determination theory perspective.
Vis sammendrag
Physical activity (i.e., exercise) is arguably an important part of a military personnel?s lifestyle. Be it obligatory (on-duty), or voluntary (off-duty), physical activity is desired for this population for a number of reasons (Sookermany, 2005). One such reason may be to enhance one?s personal outlook on life. The aim of the present study was to examine the prediction of depressive symptoms using self determined motivation toward physical activity among active military personnel. Participants were 2163 (males, n=2060; females, n=103; age range 18-61 years) active Norwegian military personnel. To examine participants? depressive symptoms a measure designed by Vassend and colleagues (1992) was employed. This measure examines depressive symptoms by way of employing five distinct questions responded to in respect to the stem ?have you in the past two weeks felt affected by the following?, with example questions being ?afraid or anxious? and ?nervousness or instability?. Responses were anchored on a 4 pt Likert type scale from 1 ?not affected? to 4 ?very affected?. A sum score for responses to the depressive symptoms questions was computed to represent this variable for further analysis. Self-determined motivation toward physical activity was measured by the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS; Guay et al., 2000), which measures four dimensions of less to more regulated motivation towards physical activity, namely intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. The SIMS was responded to in respect to two differing contexts separately, one being on active military duty and the other off duty. To examine the predictability of the motivational dimensions towards depressive symptoms, simultaneous multiple regression analyses were conducted for both motivation toward exercise on and off-duty separately as predictors. Results of the on-duty regression model revealed a significant overall statistic, F(4, 20737) = 5.42, p<.001, R=.19, with external regulation (t =3.35; p <.001) and amotivation (t =3.78; p <.001) positively predicting depressive symptoms. In contrast, results of the off-duty regression model, F(4, 7952) = 2.13, p<.001, R=.12, revealed intrinsic motivation (t value=-2.50; p<.05) to negatively predict while amotivation (t value=3.38; p<.001) to positively predict depressive symptoms, respectively. Results are discussed in respect to how physical activity contexts less prescribed and restrictive may be influential of more than just more or less self-determined motivation.
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Miller, Blake W.; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Sookermany, Anders McD
(2006).
Depressive symptoms, physical activity, and active military personnel: A self-determination theory perspective.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar & Aandstad, Anders
(2006).
Living like a civilian ? acting like a Military: Determinants of physical activity among Norwegian Home Guard Soldiers.
Vis sammendrag
Physical ability among all military personnel is more or less dependent on the personnel?s daily life style outside service. Their physical capacity in professional situations is not only dependent on what they have done during their daily work, yet also to some extent dependent on what they have been doing during their non-professional free time at evenings, on Sundays, on vacation etc. For Reservists this relative dependency seems to be obvious. Unless Reservists, who act in a Military settings less than 3 % of the year and work and live like civilians the remaining 97 % of the year, receive support for physical activity or in other ways are affected by the Military to stay active, their physical activity level is probably determined by intrapersonal variables, social variables and physical environmental variables which is out of the Military system?s control. This paper is based on the study ?Physically Active Reservists? (PACTRES). The aim of PACTRES is to analyze determinants of physical activity and physical performance in a representative random sample of all Reservists in Norway (n=4000). The data will be collected during May/June 2006 and the paper will present preliminary results of the study. Based on the data and well documented literature it will be discussed whether or not Military leaders in some way have to influence the activity level of military personnel outside service, and eventually how this can be performed.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2006).
The Benefits of Sport: What is CISM delegates? opinion?
Vis sammendrag
Individual benefits, national benefits and international benefits of sports have been thoroughly discussed within the sports literature. At the individual level most attention has been paid to individuals? participation in sport, and the physical, emotional, social and educational effects of this involvement. At the national level sport and physical activity has been linked to the development of public health, military defense, national identity, yet also to the development of democracy and social integration. At the world scene (the international level) benefits of sport most often has been associated with the Fundamental Principles of Olympism and international top level sport events. The sociology of sport has during the last decades expressed a concern for the future of sport both as an actual practice and as cultural phenomenon. In Tännsjö?s and Tamburrini?s book ?Values in Sport? (2000) Tännsjö questions the admiration of the strongest and (as far as he argues) the contempt for weakness, and he questions a rather unbalanced admiration of individual athletic heroes (who some times are disclosed as cheaters). Compared to his contemporary researchers he argues more explicit that the play at the Olympic arena reinforces an unhealthy nationalism in the world wide audience. Tännsjö is deeply criticized by his colleagues who argue that sport nationalism is a rather innocent sort of patriotism and that it should be considered as a positive replacement for more doubtful versions of political nationalism. The concern for the development of top level sports at the international arena indicates a concern for the future of sport at national levels as well as within local contexts. If the basic values of sports are threatened and, as a consequence of this threat, are about to shift, it will influence not only the sports itself, yet also how sport should be used in education of children, students, soldiers etc. According to the literature it seems to be reason to argue that sport as a cultural phenomenon is far from being morally innocent and that this may call for awareness. Also within CISM at least three significant questions should to be asked: ? Is there a need to be even more aware of the negative aspects of the modern sport? ? Can critical arguments against the development of sport be abandoned with reference to ethical principles developed several decades or even millenniums ago or do we have to raise better arguments? ? Do we need to protect the positive potential within the sports context, and if so, how do we need to act? The paper will be based on a critical perspective on the development of sport in the western society. It will discuss the possible consequences of this development regarding the use of sport and physical activity within the military system. In addition the paper will present results from a study of CISM delegates?s personal apprehension of the values in sport; their personal perception of benefits of sport and physical activity in society as well as in Military settings (collected in Roma - May, 2006).
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2005).
Fritid og aktiviteter i moderne oppvekst.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2005).
Fysisk aktivitet og sosial distinksjon.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2005).
Er dagens unge blitt feite og late?
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Säfvenbom, Reidar; Sookermany, Anders McD & Miller, Blake W.
(2005).
Self-determination, intrinsic motivation and physical activity.
Vis sammendrag
INTRODUCTION This paper is based on the study ?Physical Activity and Motivation among Norwegian Military Personnel. The paper presents data from military personnel?s scores on intrinsic motivation, identified motivation, external regulation and amotivation in military physical activity contexts compared to physical activity contexts outside service, in the civil every day life. According to self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985) different types of motivation underlie human behaviour. The theory argues that situations promoting an external locus of causality (perception of being controlled) will deny self-determination and undermine intrinsic motivation, whereas situations that promote an internal locus of causality (perception of freedom of choice) will facilitate self-determination and intrinsic motivation. This means that physical activity settings which allow participants to influence on their own participation provide self-determination and an increased intrinsic motivation while rigid and externally determined settings likely lead to less perception of self determination and thus less intrinsic motivation. INTRODUCTION TRUNCATED! METHODS To examine personnel?s intrinsic motivation, identified motivation, external regulations and amotivation, the Situational Motivation Scale (Guay et al., 2000) was employed. The respective sub-dimensions of the measure were assessed as the following based on the stem ?why do you participate in the workouts/training sessions in service?? and on the stem ?why do you participate in the workouts/training sessions outside service?? : 1) Intrinsic motivation (e.g., because I think this activity is interesting); 2) Identified Motivation (e.g., because I am doing it for my own good); 3) External regulation (e.g., because it is expected that I do it), and 4) amotivation (e.g., I don?t know; I don?t see what this activity does for me). Responses were measured on a 7-point Likert scale from (1) completely untrue to (7) completely true. RESULTS Preliminary analyses of 2042 participants showed significant contextual differences on all four subscales. The participants? scores on intrinsic motivation were significant lower in service (m=4.66) compared to outside service (m=5.55) (p<.001) and likewise their scores on identified motivation were significant lower in service (m=5.09) compared to outside service (m= 5.84) (p < .001). On the contrary, the participants? scores on external regulations were significant higher in service (m=3.06) compared to outside service (m=1.95) and likewise, their scores on amotivation were significant higher in service (m=1.64) compared to outside service (m=1.37) (p<.001). (Final analyses will be presented in the final paper). DISCUSSION The results indicate that physical activity settings in service have a great potential regarding an increase in intrinsic motivation towards physical activity among Norwegian military personnel. The paper discusses pedagogical consequences if this increase is wanted.
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Miller, Blake W.; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Sookermany, Anders McD
(2005).
Goal orientations in relation to multidimentional situational motivation among active Norwegian Military Personnel.
Vis sammendrag
Introduction: Research has indicated that intrinsic motivation is predictive of adaptive affect and behavior among youth in physical educational settings (i.e., Standage & Treasure, 2002; Vallerand, 2001). Moreover, in contexts where achievement is valued, it has been argued that a close link is likely extant between intrinsic motivation and task involvement (Nicholls, 1989; Biddle, 2001). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to extend recent research (Standage & Treasure, 2002) by examining the relationship between task and ego orientation and multidimensional situational motivation with a large sample of individuals from within a context emphasizing obligatory physical activity, namely military personnel. Methods: Participants were 2162 active Norwegian military personnel (age range: 18-76 years). Participants responded to a questionnaire containing measures designed to assess achievement goal orientations (Roberts et al., 1998), and multidimensional situational motivation (Guay et al., 2000). Factor analysis over the achievement goal measure revealed a two-factor structure accounting for 76 % total variance, with alpha coefficients for the two factors, namely a task factor and an ego factor, emerging as .81 and .92, respectively. For the multidimensional situational motivation measure, factor analysis revealed a four-factor construct that emerged representing the four dimensions hypothesized by Guay et al., namely intrinsic motivation (alpha = .93), identified regulation (alpha = .86), external regulation (alpha = .87), and lastly amotivation (alpha = .82). Results: In order to examine the relationship between task and ego orientations and the four situational motivation dimensions, we conducted a canonical correlation analysis, which revealed a significant overall correlation. Two significant functions emerged, one high task orientation and the other high ego orientation. The high task function revealed a positive association between task orientation and intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and a negative association with amotivation. For the high ego function, positive associations emerged between ego orientation and intrinsic motivation, external regulation, and amotivation. Discussion: The present study revealed that task orientation was associated with more positive situational motivation, namely intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and ego orientation to more negative situational motivation by means of external regulation and amotivation. However, interestingly the military personnel indicated that intrinsic motivation in physical activity contexts was also positively associated to ego orientation. This was not expected. Collectively, these findings suggest that a task orientation is key when positive aspects of situational motivation are valued, while ego orientation, in light of the aforementioned association to intrinsic motivation, was clearly more indicative of more negative aspects of situational motivation. Practical implications of our findings will be discussed in respect to achievement motivation in obligatory military physical activity settings.
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Høigaard, Rune; Skisland, Jan Oddvar; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Lillemyr, Ole Fredrik
(2005).
Shyness and well-being among adolescents.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2004).
Hvem rekrutteres til Forsvaret - og hvorfor ?
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2003).
Hva trenger vi å vite om ungdom?
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2003).
"Coaching" av barn og unge.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2003).
Kropsøvingsfaget i den moderne videregående skole.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2003).
Med (ene)retten til å leke. Idrettens rolle i oppvekstnettverket.
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Kolle, Elin; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Säfvenbom, Reidar; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Grydeland, May & Ekelund, Ulf
[Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Hovedrapport: School in motion.
Utdanningsdirektoratet.
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Aandstad, Anders; Hageberg, Rune & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2009).
HV i bevegelse. Rapport 2: Fysisk form og fysisk aktivitet i HV.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
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Røe, Lene; Braut, Reidun; Kolle, Elin; Moser, Thomas; Säfvenbom, Reidar & Storheim, Kjersti
(2007).
Bydelens barn i bevegelse : sluttrapport 2007.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
Vis sammendrag
Rapporten presenterer data som ble samlet inn i forbindelse mer intervensjonsprosjektet ?Bydelens Barn i Bevegelse? (BBB). Bakgrunnen for prosjektet var bekymring fra skolehelsetjenestens side vedrørende barnas fysiske aktivitetsnivå. Prosjektet hadde oppstart høsten 2004 blant de som da gikk i 5. og 6. klasse på Grünerløkka og Lakkegata skole, mens elever fra Møllergata skole fungerte som kontrollskole. Intervensjonen, med økt fokus på fysisk aktivitet og mer fysisk aktivitet i skolen, ble gjennomført iløpet av skoleårene 2004/2005 og 2005/2006. Rapporten presenterer resultatene fra elevenes motoriske og fysiske tester samt resultatene fra lærernes og foreldrenes spørreskjemaundersøkelse. Dataene viste ingen signifikant forskjell i utviklingen av beinmineraltetthet mellom intervensjons- og kontrollgruppen. Resultatene viste at elevene i intervensjonsgruppen hadde statistisk signifikant økning i motorikk og bevegelighet i forhold til kontrollgruppen. Det ble imidlertid ikke funnet noen signifikant forskjell i endring av elevenes koordinasjon, bukmuskulatur og utholdende ryggstyrke, utholdenhet eller fysisk aktivitetsnivå målt med aktivitetsmonitor mellom de to gruppene. Studien av foresatte viste at BBB-elevene kommer fra relativt like hjemmeforhold med hensyn til foresattes bevissthet omkring aktivitet/inaktivitet og aktivitetsnivå sammenlignet med kontrollskoleelevene. BBB-prosjektet har ikke påvirket BBB-foresattes forhold til fysisk aktivitet eller BBB-husstandenes aktivitetsnivå. BBB lærerne rapporterer mer tilrettelegging for fysisk aktivitet etter ett år i prosjektet, mer fokus på fysisk aktivitet og ikke minst hyppigere avbrudd i ordinære timer for å gjennomføre fysisk aktivitet, sammenlignet med kontrollskolelærerne.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar & Aandstad, Anders
(2007).
HV i bevegelse. Rapport 1. Kartlegging av fysisk aktivitet og determinanter for fysisk aktivitet blant norske Heimevernssoldater.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
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Kolle, Elin; Storheim, Kjersti; Røe, Lene; Grydeland, May; Moser, Thomas & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2006).
Bydelens barn i bevegelse : sluttrapport 2005.
Norges Idrettshøgskole.
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Kolle, Elin; Berntsen, Sveinung & Säfvenbom, Reidar
(2005).
FRISK OG AKTIV PÅ KONGSBERG 2003-2004 En analyse av praksisprosjektet.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
Vis sammendrag
I september 2003 startet prosjektet Frisk og Aktiv på Kongsberg på tre videregående skoler i Kongsberg. I forkant av den praktiske virksomheten ble elevenes fysiske form testet (utholdenhet, styrke, bevegelighet og koordinasjon), og de rapporterte også livskvalitet, trivsel, selvoppfatning, helseatferd (kost, røyk, alkohol), aktivitetsidentitet og iver etter å være fysisk aktiv (spørreskjema). Etter åtte måneder med utvidet aktivitetstilbud ble elevene testet etter samme prosedyre som ved den første testen. Utviklingen mellom de to testene ble sammenlignet med utviklingen hos elever fra Eiker videregående som representerte kontrollgruppen i studien. Resultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten viser utviklingen av Kongsberg-elever som har deltatt i prosjektet sammenlignet med utviklingen av Eiker-elever som ikke har deltatt i prosjektet. Resultatene viser at sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen har elevene som har deltatt i prosjektet utviklet bedre fysisk form gjennom skoleåret. Rapporterte mosjonsvaner endret seg positivt sammen med mindre inntak av brus og større inntak av vann, men disse endringene ble registrert også i kontrollgruppen. Elevene rapporterte imidlertid ingen positiv utvikling på de variablene som er brukt for å måle trivsel, iver, selvoppfattelse eller aktivitetsidentitet. Rapporten viser imidlertid viktige kjønnsforskjeller, den viser samvarians mellom ulike typer helseatferd og den indikerer positiv effekt av røykeforbud på skolene. Rapporten viser også at en så tung variabel som generell livskvalitet styrer opplevelse av trivsel på skolen og trivsel i kroppsøvingsfaget og videre at elevenes iver etter å være fysisk aktiv forklarer (sammen med kjønn) 70% av variansen i oksygenopptaket. Prosjektet Frisk og Aktiv på Kongsberg bør fortsette; det bør få mulighet til å utvikle seg ut fra det potensialet prosjektet har. På tross av at prosjektet har vært i en etableringsfase har prosjektet greid å utvikle den fysiske formen blant elevene som har deltatt i prosjektet. Når prosjektet blir etablert og får gå over lengre tid er det stor grunn til å tro at andre resultater også vil kunne la seg dokumentere. Frisk og Aktiv på Kongsberg som prosjekt i den videregående skole er nærmest enestående i sitt slag. En videreføring av de erfaringer som er gjort i dette første etableringsåret kan gjøre prosjektet til et modellutviklingsprosjekt som andre videregående skoler vil ha nytte av i fremtiden.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar & Sookermany, Anders McD
(2005).
Sport and Peace: The use of Sport and Physical Activity during Military Operations Abroad.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
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Säfvenbom, Reidar & Moland Larsen, Siw-Anne
(2004).
IL@skolen 2002-2003. En evaluering av effekt og prosess.
Norges idrettshøgskole.
Vis sammendrag
Effektundersøkelsen avdekket først og fremst en relativ stor spredning med hensyn til de unges aktivitetsvaner. Analysene viste at guttene var mer aktive enn jenter og at generell glede av å være i fysisk aktivitet påvirket den faktiske aktiviteten både på skolen og i fritiden. De som rapporterte stor glede og lyst i forbindelse med fysisk aktivitet, rapporterte også mer aktivitet. Undersøkelsen indikerte at generell glede av å være i bevegelse kan se ut til å styre både atferd og holdninger. Det er grunn til å tro at prosjektskolen som har basert sin aktivitet på obligatorisk virksomhet, har hevet aktivitetsnivået på sine elever, men at opplevelsen av glede ved å være i fysisk aktivitet samtidig har blitt redusert. Dette er betenkelig på lang sikt og bør betraktes som ett av hovedfunnene i studien. Direkte spørsmål omkring elevenes opplevelse av prosjekt IL@skolen (utført ved siste datainnsamling) bekreftet de metodiske problemene. Denne delen av studien dokumenterte en mye mer positiv holdning til prosjektet enn det som er mulig å tolke ut av det kontrollerte studiet. Resultatene indikerer at prosjektet har levd opp til intensjonene og at prosjektet har gjennomgått en positiv utvikling bare i løpet av ett år. Prosessundersøkelsen avdekket at samarbeidet mellom skole og idrettslag ble en større utfordring enn en hadde tenkt. Resultatene viste interne oppstartsproblemer på skolen og manglende handlingsvilje fra idrettslaget. Det er grunn til å tro at prosjektet har hatt størst effekt på de involverte voksne i prosjektmiljøene. Det er trolig denne gruppa som har hatt mest nytte av prosjektet i den forstand at de har utviklet mye erfaring på området. Det er grunn til å tro at potensialet som ligger i prosjektet er langt større enn det som den kontrollerte studien greier å dokumentere.